In a meeting held Tuesday night at the French Senate headquarters, Egypt s President Abdel-Fattah El-Sisi and the president of France s Senate, Gérard Larcher, exchanged points of view on latest developments in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East. Topping the discussion was Egypt s comprehensive vision on the challenges facing the region, particularly combating terrorism and extremist thought along with restoring security and stability in crisis-stricken countries. The meeting also discussed ways to activate cooperative ties, developing bilateral relations between the two countries, especially in fields of tourism, cultural production and development, read a statement released by Egyptian presidential spokesman Bassam Rady following the meeting. Larcher told El-Sisi that his country supports Egypt and its "pivotal and balanced" role in the Middle East, assuring that Paris wants to enhance its partnership with Cairo at all levels, especially on the parliamentary front. President El-Sisi expressed his hope that the visit will be a starting point to further friendly relations between Egypt and France, including at the parliamentary level and exchanging expertise between the two nations, according to the statement. El-Sisi started an official visit to Paris Sunday, during which he met with French President Emmanuel Macron and France s defence and foreign ministers, as well as the mayor of Paris and other officials and businessmen.

Egypt’s President Abdel-Fattah El-Sisi said more cooperation with France is required to promote tolerance, moderation, and acceptance of others, as he spoke in a state banquet on Monday hosted by President Emmanuel Macron at the Elysee Palace. “There is no doubt that the huge challenges the world is currently witnessing, foremost of which are the phenomena of violence, extremism, hatred of others, intolerance, racism and contempt of religions, impose a huge responsibility for cooperation,” El-Sisi said. The Egyptian president added that cooperation is needed to “counter these negative phenomena and [activate] joint work to enhance the values of tolerance, moderation and acceptance of the other, which are values we desperately need to spread and deepen in the world now more than ever." President El-Sisi is on an official visit to France, where he held meetings with President Macron, the French defence and foreign ministers, and the mayor of Paris to discuss issues of mutual interest and joint cooperation.

Egyptian President Abdel-Fattah El-Sisi arrived in Paris on a two-day visit on Sunday evening. He met with French foreign minister Jean-Yves Le Drian at the French foreign ministry s headquarters. El-Sisi and Le Drian discussed on Sunday the latest regional developments, focusing on the Eastern Mediterranean, Libya and Syria, the Egyptian presidency said. According to Egyptian Presidency Spokesman Bassam Rady, Le Drian said El-Sisi s upcoming talks with French President Emmanuel Macron will boost bilateral relations. France, he added, is looking forward to promoting bilateral cooperation in multiple fields and coordinating with Egypt on Middle East affairs. El-Sisi and Le Drian tackled a number of regional files, zooming in on developments in the Eastern Mediterranean, Libya, and Syria, as well as on crises in some regional countries, Rady added. President El-Sisi stressed that the support of the international community is the way to resolve crises, face meddling attempts, uproot terrorism, and achieve balance among regional countries, the spokesman said. Egypt is keen on boosting its strategic partnership with France as a cornerstone for security and stability in the Mediterranean region and the Middle East, El-Sisi said at the meeting. He added that now is the time to support dialogue between the Islamic and European worlds, with each respecting the differences of the other. Rady added the two sides tackled recent updates of the Palestinian cause and means to revive the peace process in the Middle East.

Egyptian President Abdel-Fattah El-Sisi headed to France on Sunday to meet his French counterpart Emmanuel Macron, presidential spokesman Bassam Rady announced. The visit comes in response to an invitation from the French president, in light of the two sides keenness to develop and enhance the strategic relations between Cairo and Paris, Rady added. The two leaders will hold discussions on the bilateral relations and joint political coordination concerning regional and international issues. The Egyptian president is also set to meet the French prime minister, a number of other ministers and senior officials, including the presidents of the country s National Assembly and Senate, according to the presidential spokesman. During the meetings, President El-Sisi will present Egypt’s vision concerning a number of regional crises, especially those related to the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East. He will also discuss means to reinforce cooperation between the two countries, especially in the investment and trade fields, in light of Egypt s efforts to encourage foreign investments in Egypt s major national development projects.

Egypt is expected to receive doses of one of the coronavirus vaccines in May 2021 via the Global Vaccine Alliance and Immunisations (GAVI), the Egyptian cabinet spokesman Nader Saad said in a telephone interview with Extra News satellite channel on Wednesday night. Alongside other international organisations, GAVI aims to guarantee rapid and fair access to COVID-19 vaccines worldwide, mainly for middle-income and least developed countries. Saad said Egypt will be one of the first countries to receive the vaccine, albeit not before the first half of 2021 as GAVI has already a long list of requests from different countries to get the much-awaited vaccine. "Egypt will be one of the first countries to receive the vaccine but that will not happen in January […] may be in the first half of 2021 in May," Saad said. He added that the global alliance is waiting for the trial vaccines to obtain the necessary emergency approval from the World Health Organization (WHO) in order to fulfil the countries’ demands. The vaccine that receives the emergency approval will be provided to the country, Saad explained. The Cabinet spokesman also noted that the global alliance will help Egypt obtain the vaccine at an affordable price, much lower than the market price. Egypt s Prime Minister Mostafa Madbouly has earlier delegated the Ministers of Health and Finance to take the necessary measures and procedures to contract GAVI in order to provide the country with a 20 million-dose batch of the coronavirus vaccine. The amount would cover up to 20 percent of the country s needs, mainly medical staffers and most vulnerable categories to the disease, according to previous remarks by Health Minister Hala Zayed. According to WHO, there is still no approved vaccine for the disease which has so far caused the death of 6,694 people and infected a total of 116,724 others across the country. Over the past months, Egypt has participated in the clinical trials of two China-made vaccines in cooperation with the Chinese government and other companies.

The Egyptian government announced that the deadline to receive reconciliation requests for building violations will be extended until the end of December, according to a cabinet statement released on Wednesday. The announcement, which was made during a cabinet meeting held earlier today, came two days after the previous deadline expired on 30 November. This is the third time the government has delayed the reconciliation deadline since the reconciliation process started earlier this year. Egyptian Cabinet Spokesperson Nader Saad said the decision comes in response to the large volume of requests for reconciliation filed by citizens. A number of non-government organisations, which are currently paying the expenses of reconciliation for residents in the most impoverished villages, also appealed to the cabinet to extend the deadline, Saad added. Egypt has seen a significant rise in illegal construction since the security vacuum that followed the 2011 uprising, with many people constructing multi-storey buildings without acquiring the necessary permits or complying with engineering safety standards. In January, President Abdel-Fattah El-Sisi ratified a law allowing owners of illegally constructed buildings to settle with the state, with violations pertaining to safety standards, authorised height or purpose, and historic buildings excluded from the initiative. The reconciliation fees are set to be allocated for development in governorates and to upgrade the level of services provided to citizens.

Egyptian Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry and his Bahraini counterpart, Abdullatif Al-Zayani, crtiticised Qatar s interception of two Bahraini vessels last week in Bahraini waters. Shoukry and Al-Zayani agreed on Monday at a meeting in Cairo that "such acts contradict the conventions and treaties of the international law of the sea," a statement by the Egyptian foreign ministry read. The Bahraini interior ministry said last week that Qatari patrols had intercepted, seized and threatened with weapons two Bahraini coastguard vessels while returning from maritime exercise "Al-Manaa Al-Bahary," before they then let them go. Al-Zayani has also voiced his support to all requirements of Egyptian national security and hailed the Egyptian role in backing stability in the region. The ministers discussed regional and international issues of mutual concern, the statement read, noting that the discussion reflected their similar opinions on these issues. Shoukry reiterated Egypt s support to Bahrain as well as the security and stability of the Arab gulf. He praised the level of bilateral relations with Bahrain and affirmed Egypt s keenness on enhancing them in various fields.

Egypt denounced on Sunday the two attacks that took place in Yemen’s port city of Hodeidah and northeast Nigeria in which dozens of civilians were killed and injured, urging concerted international efforts to counter all forms of terrorism and extremism. At least 110 people were killed in the Nigeria attack, the country’s UN humanitarian coordinator, Edward Kallon, said. Militants reportedly tied up agricultural workers in rice fields and slit their throats. A local anti-jihadist militia blamed the attack in Koshobe village near the main city of Maiduguri on Boko Haram, one of the largest Islamist military groups in Africa. Egypt’s foreign ministry affirmed Egypt’s support for Nigeria, reiterating Egypt’s “call for the need to counter terrorism, through firm and collaborative action on the regional and international levels.” Boko Haram is responsible for countless attacks in the past decade which rendered thousands of people dead and tens of thousands displaced. In Hodeidah’s Durihimi district, a mortar attack killed four women and four children and critically injured seven others. The district’s director Fuad Maki blamed the attack on Iran-backed Houthis. The Egyptian foreign ministry also blamed the “heinous crime” on the Houthis, extending condolences to the families of the victims and wishing a speedy recovery for the wounded civilians. “Egypt reiterates the need to reach a comprehensive settlement to the Yemeni crisis to protect the unity, sovereignty and stability of Yemen and alleviate the impact of the protracted humanitarian crisis that afflicts it,” the ministry said. The ministry stressed a settlement to the crisis in Yemen must be based on agreed international resolutions.

Egypt reiterated its rejection to link terrorist acts with Islam during a meeting of the Council of Foreign Ministers of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) held on Friday and Saturday. The two-day event was held in the Nigerien capital Niamey under the slogan "United against terrorism for peace and development." The OIC foreign ministers discussed a number of issues including combating terrorism, Islamophobia, the Palestinian cause and the Libyan crisis, in addition to conflicts in a number of Islamic countries. According to a statement released by Egypt s foreign ministry on Saturday night, the Egyptian delegation, led by Deputy Foreign Minister for African Affairs Hamdy Loza, affirmed Cairo s support to the Sahel countries in face of terrorism, as well as efforts exerted to achieve peace and security in Libya, Yemen, and Syria. The delegation also congratulated Sudan for signing the peace agreement with the armed groups in Juba.Last month, Sudan s government and rebel leaders signed a landmark peace deal in the capital Juba aimed at ending the decades-long war in which hundreds of thousands died. The signing ceremony was attended by Egypt s Prime Minister Mostafa Madbouly.

Egypt decried the attack on Shaqiq Port in south Saudi Arabia which took place on Wednesday, the Egyptian foreign ministry said on Thursday. The joint forces of the Saudi Arabian-led Arab Coalition supporting legitimacy in Yemen destroyed a booby-trapped boat to thwart a terrorist attack, resulting in damages to a Greek oil tanker. The Saudi-led coalition fighting the Houthis in Yemen said a commercial vessel suffered minor damage from shrapnel in a foiled terrorist attack, the state media reported late Wednesday. The United Kingdom Maritime Trade Operations said the vessel was operating at an oil-fired power plant at Shaqiq when the explosion took place. It said investigations are ongoing, Reuters reported. The foreign ministry statement affirmed Egypt s condemnation of aggressive incidents that target the territorial waters of and vital installations in Saudi Arabia, and which represent a direct threat to the freedom of international trade and the security and freedom of international navigation. Egypt reiterated its support for Saudi Arabia in its efforts to defend its territories, maintain its security and stability, and combat terrorism, the statement added. Egypt has repeatedly expressed its full support for the Saudi Arabian-led coalition against the Houthi rebels in Yemen, saying the Iran-backed movement’s practices further inflame the situation in Yemen.

EgyptAir will begin operating a weekly flight between Egypt s Red Sea resort of Hurghada and Hungary’s capital of Budapest on Saturdays starting next week as part of efforts to promote tourism to the country. According to an official statement by the national carrier on Tuesday, the flight will be operated by the airline’s Airbus A220-300, which is able to accommodate 140 passengers. EgyptAir already operates two weekly flights between Cairo and Budapest on Fridays and Tuesdays. Egypt, in a bid to offset losses by the aviation sector due to the COVID-19 pandemic, reopened its airports for international flights in July after a four-months suspension to contain the impact of the virus. Foreign tourists in groups have been allowed entry into the three coastal Egyptian governorates with the lowest coronavirus infection rates in the country. Egypt has required travellers arriving in the country to present a negative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) lab test result certificate for the coronavirus starting 1 September. However, travelers entering Egypt at any of four airports in the Red Sea governorate and South Sinai take a coronavirus test upon arrival. Egypt hopes that the resumption of regular flights will boost its coronavirus-hit tourism sector, an essential source of foreign currency.

Polls in 13 Egyptian governorates opened at 9 AM local time on Monday, marking the beginning of the second and final day of voting in the run-off for the first stage of the country s parliamentary elections at home. The National Election Authority (NEA), the state’s authority in charge of supervising elections, said the voting process on the first day went smoothly. Judges and members of the public prosecution supervised the polling stations to ensure all standards of transparency, integrity, and adherence to relevant laws are applied, the NEA added. The operations chamber of the Egyptian Judges’ Club said it did not receive any complaints from judges or the prosecution staff overseeing the vote on the first day. All polling stations opened on time, the NEA said, adding that it did not spot any obstacles facing citizens while casting their ballots. Voting for Egyptian expats in 124 countries also concluded on Monday at 9 PM according to the local time in each country. No official data was released on the first day’s turnout, however the turnout in the first round of this stage, conducted between 21 and 25 October, was 28.06 percent. The governorates taking part in this stage’s run-off elections are Giza, Fayoum, Beni Suef, Minya, Assiut, El-Wadi El-Gedid, Sohag, Qena, Luxor, Aswan, Alexandria, Beheira, and Matrouh. A total of 220 candidates are competing for 110 seats in these governorates. Seats for the Red Sea governorate were decided in the first round of voting.

The Egyptian Meteorological Authority (EMA) predicts a three-day wave of unstable weather starting Wednesday, with heavy rainfall and thunderstorms in some areas of the country. Cold weather and moderate rainfall are expected in Greater Cairo over the three days, the EMA said on Sunday. On Wednesday, heavy rainfall and possible thunderstorms are expected in some areas along the north coast, including Alexandria, Matrouh, Al-Salloum, Rashid, Damietta, Port Said, El-Arish, and Rafah. Moderate to heavy rain is forecast in some areas of Lower Egypt, including Kafr El-Sheikh, Beheira, Daqahliya, Gharbiya, Sharqiya, and Menoufiya, while northern Upper Egypt is expected to see light to moderate rain. On Thursday, heavy rainfall is expected in some areas of the north coast, while Lower Egypt is expected to see moderate to heavy rainfall. On Friday, moderate to heavy rainfall is expected in some areas of the north coasts, while Lower Egypt is forecast to see moderate rainfall. The north coast will see highs ranging between 19 and 21 degrees and lows from 15 to 16 degrees. South Sinai will see highs of 25 to 27 and lows of 17 to 18. Northern Upper Egypt will see highs of 21 to 23 and lows ranging from 13 to 12 degrees, while Southern Upper Egypt will see highs of 24 to 26 degrees and lows of 15 to 16 degrees. The meteorologist called for all preventative measures be taken to mitigate the negative consequences of the expected rainfall. Last week, many governorates across the country, especially those along the coasts, were hit by inclement weather, which caused flooding and damaged at least two buildings in Alexandria, which resulted in six deaths and several injuries. Earlier today, Egyptian Prime Minister Mostafa Madbouly called on governors to be prepared to deal with the anticipated heavy rainfall, especially in coastal governorates. Earlier this month, Madbouly granted the country s 27 governors the authority to suspend educational activates at schools in their governorates in anticipation of disruptive weather forecast by meteorologists.

Egypt s President Abdel-Fattah El-Sisi is set to inaugurate Sunday the third edition of the Smart Transportation and Logistics Fair and Forum for the Middle East and Africa (TransMEA 2020), according to a presidential statement. TransMEA 2020 comes as the country pushes ahead with expanding new smart cities and building modern transport systems aimed to upgrade road networks, reduce travel time, transportation costs and fuel consumption, Egypt s presidential spokesman said. He added that the country also seeks to boost trade exchange, reduce accident rates, and protect the environment. The event will be hosted at the Egypt International Exhibition Centre in Cairo from 22-25 November, with the participation of a number of international companies working in the transport field. Around 8,500 road accidents took place in Egypt in 2018, down 23.6 percent from 11,098 in 2017, according to data by Egypt s official statistics agency CAPMAS. Egypt has been pursuing a multi-million pound plan to develop and expand the country s road networks in recent years.

Egypt s Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry told his Eritrean counterpart Osman Saleh on Wednesday that Cairo fully supports all efforts aiming to enhance peace, security and stability in the Horn of Africa. An Eritrean delegation, led by the Eritrean foreign minister and the president s political advisor Yemane Gebreab, had arrived in the Egyptian capital on Wednesday to hold discussions with Shoukry as part of ongoing coordination between both countries. The meeting discussed the current situation in the Horn region, and the latest regional and international developments, according to a statement released by the Egyptian foreign ministry. Minister Shoukry stressed during the meeting that Egypt pays great attention to the region s stability, given what it represents as "a basic pillar of regional and continental security," the statement added. The meeting, which was held in the ministry s Tahrir palace, also discussed ways to promote cooperation and bilateral ties between the two Egypt and Eritrea.

Egypt condemned the “cowardly attack” that targeted the medical staff working in the mobile health clinics of the Emirates Red Crescent (ERC) in the Yemeni city of Taiz, stressing its rejection of all forms of violence and terrorism. Targeting humanitarian workers is a clear violation of international norms, treaties and covenants that provide protection for relief and rescue workers and medical personnel and hinders the sustainability of relief operations and humanitarian aid reaching the affected areas in Yemen, the Egyptian foreign ministry said in a statement on Wednesday. Egypt values the ERC s humanitarian efforts in Yemen, which contribute to alleviating the suffering of the Yemeni people, the statement continued. While the ERC condemned the terrorist act that targeted its humanitarian workers in Taiz, it said it will continue its humanitarian efforts in Yemen despite the risks, reported the United Arab Emirates state-run WAM news agency.

Egyptian President Abdel-Fattah El-Sisi urged consolidating the state’s efforts to produce advanced prosthetics in Egypt, based on latest technology, with the assistance of foreign expertise, the presidency said on Monday in a statement. In a meeting with Prime Minister Mostafa Madbouly and Social Solidarity Minister Nevin Al-Qabbaj, El-Sisi also urged securing prosthetic rehabilitation programmes to ensure people with mobility impairment can properly use these prosthetics. These programmes aim at integrating people with disabilities into society and the job market, especially youth, children and women breadwinners. During the meeting, Al-Qabbaj reviewed a programme for community development dubbed Waiy (Awareness). The programme includes development initiatives for many families, including programmes for the early detection of a disability as well as programmes for family planning, child health, drug control and others to combat addiction, illiteracy and poverty. The president urged increasing financial resources allocated from the donation-based Tahya Misr fund to support these programs as well as raise the number of staff working to spread awareness messages within the framework of the Waiy programme.

A human rights committee formed by Egypt’s prosecution inspected three Qalioubiya-based Qanater prisons to check the conditions of prisoners and ensure preventive measures against the coronavirus are adopted properly, a statement by the prosecution read on Sunday. The committee comprised members of the prosecution’s human rights administration, the technical official of the top prosecutor, and southern Benha prosecution, the statement added. The inspectors followed up on the conditions of the inmates in the three prisons located in northern Egypt and reviewed the legal procedures adopted with the prisoners to ensure their human rights are preserved in line with the constitution and the law. The committee followed up on the measures taken if a coronavirus case is detected in one of the prisons, including isolating patients, sterilising contaminated places, and providing the required treatment. The members of the committee inspected each of the prisons’ affiliated hospital and checked a random sample of medicine from their pharmacies for expiry date. The statement added the committee received complaints from the prisoners regarding conditional release and the subtraction of pre-trial detention from the sentence some inmates have received. Egyptian human rights delegations and parliament’s human rights committee have earlier made several visits to different prisons nationwide to make sure human rights are preserved. These visits come while many reports by foreign human rights groups, including the Human Rights Watch, have criticised “violations”, “torture” and “forcible disappearance” allegedly carried out by Egyptian authorities. Egypt’s State Information Service usually slams the allegations.

Egypt’s President Abdel-Fattah El-Sisi received in Cairo on Saturday former Namibian president Sam Nujoma, a statement by the presidency read. The president affirmed Egypt s appreciation of its relationship with the African country. El-Sisi congratulated Nujoma for being recently awarded the Kemet Boutros Ghali (KBG) Foundation for Peace and Knowledge prize in recognition of his efforts to end conflicts in Africa and his long struggle to achieve the independence of Namibia. According to the Namibian Broadcasting Corporation (NBC), Nujoma visited Egypt upon the invitation of the KBG to receive the annual award for Outstanding Achievements in the field of Diplomacy for Peaceful Conflict Resolution. KBG, which was named after Boutros Boutros-Ghali who served as Egypt s foreign minister and UN secretary-general, was established in 2018 by a group of prominent figures of culture and diplomacy. Nujoma hailed Egypt s relentless efforts to maintain peace and security in Africa and for its commitment to Silencing the Guns in Africa by 2020 initiative, the Egyptian presidential statement said. In 2013, African Union (AU) leaders adopted Silencing the Guns in Africa by 2020 as one of the flagship projects meant to achieve peace for the sake of development across Africa. The initiative was intended to achieve a conflict-free Africa, prevent genocide, make peace a reality for all and rid the continent of wars, violent conflicts, human rights violations, and humanitarian disasters. Nujoma stressed the importance of Egypt as a major actor in laying the foundations for joint African action and for reaching African solutions to the continent’s problems and its various peace and security issues, the statement noted. The KBG prize spoke about the appreciation Egypt enjoys in Namibia and the African continent for its historical support of the struggle for independence over the past century and various African issues. Egypt’s role, the statement quoted Nujoma as saying, was clearly demonstrated during the fruitful Egyptian presidency of the AU in 2019. Egypt s unwavering position on GERD El-Sisi and Nujoma exchanged views on a number of African issues, including the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). Nujoma affirmed his country s support of Egypt s efforts to resolve the conflict through negotiations in a manner that achieves the interests of Egypt, Sudan, and Ethiopia. El-Sisi emphasised Egypt s insistence to reach a legally binding agreement that preserves Egypt s water rights and meets the aspirations of other countries for development. On 4 November, Egypt, Sudan, and Ethiopia agreed to end the ongoing round of negotiations on GERD and return the file to the AU after it had become clear during tripartite discussions on the controversial dam that there is no compatibility between the three countries on the methodology for completing the negotiations within the next stage, according to a statement by Egypt’s irrigation and water resources ministry. On the same day, the Sudanese irrigation ministry stated that the round of negotiations, which started on 27 October, failed to make tangible progress in the role set by the joint meeting of the foreign and water ministers, which is to agree on the role that experts can play in the negotiations, its methodology, paths and timetable. The previous round of AU-mediated talks broke down in late August after Ethiopia proposed a package of non-binding guidelines for the filling and operation of the mega-dam, which Egypt and Sudan rejected. The AU-sponsored round of negotiations was launched in July after negotiations between the three countries reached deadlock last year, as did negotiations sponsored by the US and the World Bank in February. The GERD, built 15 kilometres from the Ethiopian border with Sudan, has been a source of contention between the three countries. Cairo that has more than 85 per cent of its Nile water flow from Ethiopian highlands fears the massive hydropower project will significantly diminish its crucial water supplies, which is already below scarcity level, from the River Nile, while Sudan fears it could endanger the safety of its own dams. Ethiopia, however, says the 6,000-megawatt dam is key to its development and hopes to become Africa’s biggest electricity exporter with the GERD, which is set to be the continent’s largest dam.

Egypt s President Abdel-Fattah El-Sisi is set to continue talks with a number of Greek officials Thursday as part of his multi-day visit to Athens, which kicked off Tuesday evening. The president is scheduled to meet Greece s parliament speaker and environment and energy minister to discuss how to develop bilateral relations in the fields of energy and economic exchange, as well as to discuss potential investment opportunities in Egypt in light of major national projects carried out across the country. A day earlier, El-Sisi started his visit with meetings with Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis as well as Greek President Katerina Sakellaropoulou. Wednesday’s talks covered various regional and international issues of common interest, including the situation in the Eastern Mediterranean and efforts to counter terrorism and extremism. During a joint press conference with the Greek prime minister, El-Sisi said "there is consensus" between Egypt and Greece to stand against regional threats. El-Sisi added it was agreed to deal decisively with the transfer of fighters and weapons to militias in Libya, and that violations in the Eastern Mediterranean region should be confronted. Earlier on Wednesday, the president had a session of talks with his Greek counterpart Sakellaropoulou, underlining that the Egyptian-Greek agreement on maritime border demarcation was proof of good relations between the two countries. In August, Egypt and Greece signed a maritime demarcation deal establishing an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) between the two, which according to Egypt s Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry "permits Egypt and Greece to go ahead with maximising benefits from riches available in the exclusive economic zones of both countries, particularly promising gas and oil reserves."

President Abdel-Fattah Al-Sisi was among the first Arab leaders to congratulate Joe Biden on his election as US president. In a statement issued on 7 November Al-Sisi said he looked forward to working with the president-elect to boost strategic bilateral relations in the best interest of both countries and peoples. Al-Sisi’s statement came amid speculation in political circles over what Biden’s presidency will mean for Egypt. Gamal Zahran, a professor of political science at Suez University, said “there is a risk that Biden will exert pressure on Egypt over human rights and restoring the role of the Muslim Brotherhood in political life.” Noting that Muslim Brotherhood leaders in Qatar, Turkey, and London were vocal in welcoming Biden’s election, Zahran expects “they will use their influence among leftist and Islamist organisations in the US to push Biden to exert pressure on Egypt.” Zahran claimed the majority of Egyptians had hoped that Donald Trump would win a second term. “From his earliest days in power Trump sought to forge a close personal relationship with President Abdel-Fattah Al-Sisi and this helped serve Egypt’s interests.” According to Zahran, Trump was about to designate the Muslim Brotherhood as a terrorist organisation despite Democratic Party Congress members and the leftist media, particularly The New York Times, campaigning to prevent him from doing so. “Unlike Obama, Trump invited President Al-Sisi twice to the White House, and refused to exert pressure on Egypt in the areas of democracy and human rights. Trump even withheld $130 million in economic assistance to Ethiopia because of its rejection of the US-brokered deal on Addis Ababa’s Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam.” Mahdi Afifi, an American-Egyptian political analyst and a member of the Democratic Party, agrees that the Muslim Brotherhood wanted Biden to win — “they even used their influence among Islamist movements in the US, particularly the Council on American-Islamic Relations, to rally support for Biden” — but dismisses suggestions that Biden will support the agenda of Islamist movements in the Arab world. “There is a general consensus inside the Democratic Party that the US must learn from what happened in Egypt in 2013 when the Muslim Brotherhood was removed from power in a popular uprising, and a belief that trying to support such movements only fuels extremism at the expense of American interests and security. “Both Democrats and Republicans in Washington recognise that the Muslim Brotherhood’s one-year rule in Egypt was a failure, and many Democrats in Congress have signalled their backing for moves to designate the Brotherhood a terrorist organisation,” said Afifi. Political analyst Moetaz Abdel-Fattah agrees that Islamist organisations in the US will try to push the Biden administration to exert pressure on Egypt and, should they succeed, Biden will be an extension of Obama. “But,” he adds as a coda, “it is unlikely that they will succeed.” “The situation is very different to what prevailed in 2013 and 2014. Egypt is now a strong country and has regained its influence in the Arab world and the Middle East. It has a lot of cards to withstand any foreign pressure and most American politicians now see Egypt as economically and politically stable.” Biden, in any case, will have enough on his plate sorting out America’s internal problems. “He has a lot of challenges ahead, containing the rapid spread of the coronavirus, fighting racial discrimination and police brutality, and tackling severe economic problems such as rampant unemployment and sluggish growth,” says Abdel-Fattah. On the foreign policy front Biden will have to address relations with China, Russia, Turkey and Iran. The president-elect has been clear in rejecting Turkey’s military cooperation with Russia and has vowed to revive the nuclear deal with Iran. “I think Turkey will face a lot of pressure from Biden who has been openly critical of President Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s policies in Syria and the Eastern Mediterranean,” says Abdel-Faytah. Political analyst Abdel-Moneim Said argues Biden will focus on containing the coronavirus crisis in the US, healing internal divisions and building new bridges with Washington’s NATO and EU allies. In his first speech following his election win Biden focused on healing internal divisions, controlling the coronavirus and restoring America’s position in the world. Biden, however, has announced during his election campaign a plan to host a “Summit for Democracy” soon after taking office. He said the summit would bring together numerous “like-minded nations” in a bid to bolster what many experts see as the flagging fortunes of liberal democracy in parts of the world. Some US media outlets, such as The Washington Post, said on Tuesday that Biden’s advisers have made it clear that, under his watch, the United States will re-evaluate the overall relationship with Saudi Arabia and, possibly, Egypt. Omar Mehanna, head of the Egyptian-American Business Council, believes Biden will be too busy reunifying American society to return to Obama-era policies in the Middle East. “Biden is a moderate politician. The fact he was Obama’s vice president does not mean he agreed with the administration’s policies in the Middle East. They were driven by Hillary Clinton and John Kerry. Clinton, as her private e-mails reveal, supported Islamist movements, particularly the Muslim Brotherhood. Kerry worked closely with the Brotherhood, but when they lost power he accepted the status quo and between 2014 and 2016 struck up a relationship with Al-Sisi, meeting him several times.” Amr Moussa, Egypt’s former foreign minister, said in a TV interview on Sunday that Egypt needed to prepare for a Biden administration and capitalise on its clout within America’s media and business circles. Ahmed Abul-Gheit, secretary-general of the Arab League, said in a TV interview on the same day that he knows Biden well. “I am sure he supports Egypt and is well aware that Cairo wilds a great deal of influence across the region.” Abul-Gheit added that, as Egypt’s minister of foreign affairs accompanying former president Hosni Mubarak during his last visit to Washington in 2010, he held a personal meeting with Joe Biden, and “during Mubarak’s meeting with Barack Obama, Biden asked to take the floor and expressed his appreciation of America’s friendship with Egypt”. Abul-Gheit sent a message of congratulations to Biden on Monday, wishing him success. “The Arab League is looking forward to dealing with your administration in achieving our mutual interests and pushing the agenda of peace, stability and prosperity in the Middle East region forward,” he said.