Heaven on Earth
A frequent theme of modern Arab intellectual discourse has been the search for solutions to the failures and weakness of the Arab world in recent times. This, alas, has led the region down several blind alleys that have only made things worse. One of those was the path of socialism.
In this, the Arabs were not alone. Just as there was “Arab socialism”, there was also “African socialism” and various other socialisms in Asia and Latin America—that is, in all the parts of the so-called “global south”, most of which won independence from European colonialism in the decades after World War Two.
Looking back, it is hard to blame the leaders of the newly independent states for this self-defeating idea. At the time, socialism dominated thought in the more developed countries. Under “Soviet socialism”, Russia had risen from a weak, agricultural country to become one of the world s two “superpowers”. Its system had spread to some fifteen to twenty other states, altogether encompassing one-third of the world s population. Even in the “capitalist” West, a milder form of socialism prevailed (except in the United States) under the leadership of parties calling themselves “social democratic” or “labour” or “socialist” or “democratic socialist”. These practiced a “mixed economy”, but with the goal of continually increasing the socialist component.