Many countries, international and non-governmental organisations, as ‎well as academic and research institutions all over the world, recently ‎celebrated the centennial of the birth of the great late South African leader Nelson ‎Mandela. During his lifetime, Mandela became an icon whose ‎fame and status went far beyond the national borders of his country, not ‎only to the rest of his African continent, but to each and every ‎part of the globe.‎

I picked up Al-Masry Al-Youm last Friday to find the headline, “We miss you, Uncle Naguib.” It introduced an article by the Egyptian journalist and television presenter Mufid Fawzi who recalls interviews he did many years ago with Naguib Mahfouz, although they seemed as fresh as though they were just done yesterday. Time for the great writer is unlike time as we know it, where the past is past and the future has yet to be. For him, time has a different nature. It renews itself with new and totally unfamiliar events and developments, which is when we “miss” the great man and wonder what he would have to say about this particular moment in time.

Every week, I offer a glimpse of the kind of intelligence assessments that are likely to come across President Donald Trump s desk. Modeled on the President s Daily Briefing, or PDB, which the director of national intelligence prepares for the President almost daily, my presidential weekly briefing focuses on the topics and issues the President needs to know to make informed decisions. NAFTA next steps: King of the North Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau probably doesn t want to be the odd man out in any revised North American Free Trade Agreement. We assess he is likely motivated to make a deal with you, even if it means making some sensitive concessions because he wants to avoid the costs of you reimposing pre-NAFTA era tariffs on Canada in addition to new tariffs you are threatening on Canadian cars. He probably believes getting shut out of a deal would thereby outweigh costs associated with showing some flexibility in NAFTA negotiations.

In a Salisbury restaurant -- not far from the where the nerve agent Novichok had been used by what Britain suspects were Russian operatives -- I had dinner where a man I at first took to be a bouncer turned out to be a magician. Several times during our meal, he performed card tricks at our table. He was good: No matter how hard I looked, I could not catch his sleight of hand.

As Britain s Parliament returns tomorrow from its summer recess, right on cue comes another attempt to blow up Prime Minister Theresa May. This time it s her former Foreign Secretary, Boris Johnson. In his weekly column in the Daily Telegraph newspaper, he describes the government s Brexit negotiating position with the European Union as "white flag fluttering."

The recent Turkish economic crisis casts heavy shadows on the overall economic situation in Turkey and how this might also hit emerging markets. However, discussion about this subject is controversial and requires a fair understanding of the Turkish economy over the past two decades. One also needs to appreciate the historical, religious, political and economic relations between Egypt and Turkey before any attempt is made to explore the recent currency crisis in Turkey and expectations about its potential impact on emerging markets and Egypt in particular.

Not a day goes by without an incident sparking new questions about US President Donald Trump, many of them urgent ones involving critical and far-reaching issues concerning not just the US but the entire world. Is Trump going to wage war against Iran? There are videos on YouTube predicting how such a war could unfold, the weapons that could be deployed, the sites that could be targeted and the potential Iranian reactions. Will Trump be forced out of office as a result of developments in cases against his lawyer Michael Cohen and his former campaign chairman Paul Manafort?

It might at first look like a full-scale rebellion in Europe. Recently, the leaders of both France and Germany announced their determination to become largely independent from the US on security matters and even to "counterbalance" the US in global geopolitics. But upon closer inspection, much of Europe s "new" direction -- as vaguely defined as it currently is -- sticks to Cold War-era certainties and even, in part, reflects aspects of US President Donald Trump s worldview. A real rebellion would look quite different. Russia is giving the West plenty to worry about The Europeans grounds for dissatisfaction are completely legitimate: Trump has launched a trade war against the EU, thrown NATO s security guarantees into doubt and scrapped international accords like the Paris climate treaty and the Iran nuclear arms control deal.

Last month, I met a remarkable UNRWA student named Aya Abbas. The 9th grader from Yarmouk refugee camp outside Damascus was the highest scoring student across Syria. Despite the extraordinary adversities she faced as a Palestine refugee child, including forced displacement from the camp where she was born and raised, she outperformed her peers in all subjects. Her courage and determination exemplify the commitment of 526 000 students at our 711 schools in Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Gaza and West Bank (including East Jerusalem). It was because of students like Aya that I decided to open our schools on time this week, notwithstanding a shortfall of over 200 million USD— an unprecedented deficit in UNRWA s 70-year history. Many people expressed deep satisfaction for what they considered a courageous decision . However, the real heroes who deserve our solidarity are the half a million students in our schools whose faith in UNRWA—and by extension the international community---remains unwavering, despite repeated uncertainty and the absence of political horizon. Their courage should be celebrated by the world.

There have been many times in politics -- and more frequently since the rise of social media -- when that has felt like the most appropriate response to an outrageous statement. But never more so than when the 2013 remarks of Jeremy Corbyn, the leader of the UK s opposition Labour Party, about British Zionists were revealed by the Daily Mail newspaper: "[British Zionists] clearly have two problems. One is they don t want to study history, and secondly, having lived in this country for a very long time, probably all their lives, they don t understand English irony either... They needed two lessons, which we could perhaps help them with."

In Dublin s Phoenix Park, one of the largest city parks in Europe, final preparations are underway for the arrival of Pope Francis this Sunday. The park is mostly flat, home to wild deer and the Dublin Zoo, the US ambassador s residence, the headquarters of the Irish police force, an Garda Síochána, and the home of the President, Áras an Uachtaráin. But nothing dominates its surroundings like the immense white cross that was erected in 1979 when Pope John Paul II visited Ireland. Then, 1.25 million people -- at the time a third of the population of Ireland -- came to the Phoenix Park to witness him say Mass.

Even the most hard-core aid workers would have struggled to watch the initial images out of Yemen from a horrific airstrike on a school bus after a missile struck a crowded marketplace in broad daylight. Among the dozens of slain and injured children -- reportedly aged 6 to 11 years old -- was a young boy, screaming in pain, as medical workers struggled to remove the blood-soaked UNICEF backpack he was wearing.

There is a certain mindset in politics, present the world over and across the political spectrum, which distrusts expertise. That mindset is presently revealing itself in Australia, where this week a small group of conservative-minded members of parliament held the prime minister, Malcolm Turnbull, hostage over climate policy. Turnbull s center-right Liberal party had pledged to reduce emissions from Australia s energy companies more than a quarter (from 2005 levels) by 2030, a key part of its efforts to meet its international obligations. But several of his own MPs, led by his predecessor as prime minister and long-term rival Tony Abbott, forced him into a climbdown by threatening to vote against the legislation. Turnbull s government barely has a majority in the House of Representatives, and losing such a key vote could have led to a leadership challenge. Cowed, he dropped the pledge, and on Tuesday narrowly survived the revolt.

Just as President Donald Trump was openly pondering the possibility of lifting sanctions against Russia, Microsoft revealed it has uncovered yet another Russian intelligence operation aimed at assaulting America s democratic institutions and, it appears, at helping Trump. There is no indication that Russia is anything other than very pleased with the result of its 2016 election meddling efforts. Instead of lying low amid the political storm it triggered in the US, Moscow, it seems, is scaling up similar activities to influence the midterm vote in November.

Hezbollah s announcement of its impending "victory" in Syria may be a reaction against US sanctions against Iran, but the threat it poses is no less real. Hezbollah remains one of the most capable terrorist organizations in the world, which intends to continue expanding its reach. The international community needs to take a unified step to proscribe Hezbollah in its entirety and curtail its global crime and terror network before it is too late.

Almost seven years have passed since the outbreak of the Syrian Revolution in 2011 when the first demonstrations broke out in the capital Damascus and the southern city of Deraa calling for the overthrow of Syrian President Bashar Al-Assad and his government. The subsequent seven years have been plagued by a full-scale civil war, terrorist incidents and generalised armed conflict, leading to the displacement of nearly five million Syrian citizens outside Syria, according to UN figures.

On 6 August, US President Donald Trump set into motion the first round of renewed economic sanctions against Iran, in accordance with the decision he announced 8 May to unilaterally withdraw from the nuclear accord signed between Tehran and the P5+1 (the five permanent members of the UN Security Council plus Germany) on 14 July 2015. The first round of sanctions targets the Iranian automotive sector, trading in gold and other precious metals, and financial transactions related to the Iranian rial.

I remember waking up in panic on 25 January 2011 thinking I had overslept and missed the school bus. To my pleasant surprise, school was cancelled that day amid eventually confirmed rumours of a revolution. For the rest of the day, my family and I were glued to the television, watching in astonishment as chaos unfolded in Tahrir Square.

The first major global conflict of the 21st century broke out in the Middle East. It didn t involve Iran. ISIS wasn t a factor. Surprisingly, even Israel found itself on the sidelines. The initial volley of shots in the battle for the post-US period came from Saudi Arabia. The power struggle was caused by Washington s withdrawal from the world. This week has seen two incidents which suggest the Kingdom s conduct is less constrained by Western ways. First, Canada s ambassador had a fairly common critique following the detention of a women s rights activist. Instead of issuing their own statement, Riyadh simply cut off ties. Second, an airstrike by the Saudi-led coalition in Yemen that killed dozens of children. Instead of apologizing, the Saudis defended the airstrike, calling it a legitimate military operation. The message seems to be: we no longer feel the need to conform to external expectations.

Learn. Engage. Make an impact.” The website politics.fb.com offers users a guide for using Facebook to engage with voters and build online communities. If you are running for office, you can establish a special Facebook page. You can then use the “issues” section on the page to show people where you stand on key policies and the “endorsements” section to highlight your support.

Sustainability took another step forward in Egypt last month. On 18 July, the government announced a regulatory framework for the issuance of green bonds to promote sustainable development. The challenge, however, will be finding projects qualified for the “green” designation, especially since the definition of what constitutes a sustainable project is yet to be standardised in Egypt — or in most markets for that matter. And implementation and enforcement mechanisms for these standards are even less defined.