Smoke from bushfires raging across Australia reached Brazil on Tuesday, an arm of the National Institute for Space Research said on Twitter. Referring to satellite images, the agency s Department of Remote Sensing said the smoke had arrived in Brazil s southernmost state, Rio Grande do Sul. Private meteorological company MetSul also tweeted about the arrival of a smoke cloud to Porto Alegre, the capital of Rio Grande do Sul, but emphasized that “the presence of smoke from Australia in the air is almost imperceptible, despite the satellite showing smoke in the atmosphere over the great Porto Alegre.” Chile s meteorological service said Monday that smoke from the fires was visible in Chile and Argentina. That means the hazy cloud of smoke, sitting at about 6,000 meters (20,000 feet) in the air, traveled more than 12,000 kilometers (7,500 miles) to reach South America. But the drifting smoke won t negatively affect the health of the continent s inhabitants, the Chilean service said. Fires ravaging Australia since September have left 24 people dead and destroyed some eight million hectares (80,000 square kilometers) of land — an area the size of Ireland or the US state of South Carolina. After a catastrophic weekend, Australian firefighters — supported by US and Canadian forces — welcomed rain and a drop in temperatures to boost their efforts early in the week before another heat wave is expected in the coming days. Reserve troops have been deployed to help throughout the country, and the government has earmarked an initial Aus$2 billion ($1.4 billion) for a national recovery fund for devastated communities.

The Ministry of Environment is set to launch the first stage of an reforestation campaign in Heliopolis, Cairo starting with Triumph Square, following President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi s directives to replant and develop Heliopolis s infrastructure, Minister of Environment Yasmine Fouad announced Saturday. According to Fouad, the ministry will plant 2000 meters of ready-made grasses and 300 red Euphorbia plants to increase the number of green areas. The campaign aims to re-plant at least twice the number of removed trees, she said. She added that the company in charge of developing Heliopolis will use high-tech equipment to re-plant the trees. The campaign is part of the “Etahadr Lelakhdar” (Be civilized to the green) initiative which aims to spread environmental awareness, change citizen behavior and urge people to preserve the environment and its natural resources.

The Consumer Electronics Show opening Tuesday offers a chance to showcase the newest and shiniest gadgetry, looking past the turmoil engulfing the global technology industry. The annual Las Vegas gathering with more than 4,500 exhibitors brings out about 175,000 attendees searching for innovations of the future. For an industry facing unprecedented turbulence, the hope is that what happens in Vegas does not stay in Vegas after it closes on Friday, but filters into the world where consumers can adopt new technologies for health, communication, transportation, the home and lifestyles. The show opens against the backdrop of mounting concerns on how data gathered from connected devices can be exploited by marketers, governments and hackers. There has also been a wave of attacks from politicians and activists against dominant tech platforms, as well as intense trade frictions between the world s economic and technology powers, the United States and China. Roger Kay, an analyst with Endpoint Technologies Associates, said consumers are slowly coming to terms with the digital world and its privacy tradeoffs, and still appear to be driven toward new gadgetry. “People always want to see a shiny new object,” Kay said. “I think people are going to adjust to this world and adopt the technology that comes along that suits them.” CES 2020 will feature devices infused with artificial intelligence for cars, homes, smart cities and for personal health, with many gadgets embracing voice assistants from Amazon, Google and others. “We will see AI and apps being used to make people s lives easier, such as speech recognition and object recognition,” said Sarah Brown of the Consumer Technology Association, which organizes the show that includes media previews Sunday and Monday. “You will see that across the entire CES — AI embedded in all these technologies.” Trade and industry attendees will see wearables offering more precise health monitoring, for both athletes and seniors; cars with better computer vision to avoid accidents; televisions designed as smart home hubs; and robots with features to help understand or express emotion. A series of panel discussions will also explore questions around consumer privacy, the importance of 5G wireless, technology for travel and tourism, the promise of quantum computing and how lifestyles will change in “smart cities.” – Emotional issues – Some of the new CES gadgets will collect and analyze data such as facial expressions and tone of voice — creating the opportunity for more personalized services, but with risks as well. This could mean a robot might be a better personal companion for the elderly, and a vehicle may adapt to signs of driver fatigue or impairment. According to a report by the consulting firm Accenture, emotional data “is reaching a tipping point of opportunity” for firms which can decode human emotions for marketing, market research and political polling purposes. “Emotional data will challenge companies because reading people s emotions is a delicate business,” an Accenture report said. “Emotions are highly personal, and users will have concerns about privacy invasion, security breaches, emotional manipulation, and bias.” – US-China row on display – Although CES is not about politics, it takes place while US-China tensions simmer over trade, tariffs, industrial espionage and national security. But China will still represent the largest non-US delegation at CES, with hundreds of exhibitors including Huawei, the smartphone and infrastructure giant which has been blacklisted by Washington over national security concerns. “In terms of exhibit space, Chinese space is down slightly from last year, but most of the major exhibitors are returning and some even upping size of presence,” Brown said. Simon Bryant of Futuresource Consulting said Chinese firms see the show as an important opportunity to demonstrate their ability to compete globally with Silicon Valley. “Chinese firms are looking at places like Latin America and Europe, where they have enormous opportunities,” Bryant said. CES offers big Chinese tech firms like Baidu the chance to show their digital assistant that compete with those of Amazon and Google, for example. “The Chinese tech companies are very aggressive,” he said. “Their domestic market is saturated, and they need to grow outside China, but not necessarily in the US market.”

India has announced it will make another attempt to land on the moon, following a mission that ended in failure last year. At a news conference Wednesday, Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) chairman K. Sivan said that the government has approved a third lunar mission. The mission, named Chandrayaan-3 — which means "moon vehicle" in Sanskrit — will include a new propulsion module, moon lander and rover, Sivan said. The new equipment would cost around $35 million, with its launcher costing a further $51 million, an ISRO spokesman told CNN Business. If successful, India will become only the fourth country to make a soft landing on the moon, after the United States, the former Soviet Union and China. India s first lunar mission was in 2008, when it crashed an impact probe into the moon in a controlled landing — but a soft landing is a far greater technical challenge. Wednesday s announcement comes only months after India s failed Chandrayaan-2 moon landing mission, which had set out to collect mineral and chemical samples. The spacecraft entered lunar orbit in August, but as it slowly made its way toward the lunar surface in September, it lost communication with India s space agency. NASA announced that Vikram — the Chandrayaan-2 mission s lander — had a "hard landing," and its location is still unknown. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who championed the mission, later consoled the ISRO team in a televised address. "We will look back at the journey and effort with great satisfaction," Modi said. "The learnings from today will make us stronger and better. There will be a new dawn and a brighter tomorrow very soon." The lunar landing attempts form part of India s big space ambitions. The country wants to become a major space player, and put Indian astronauts in space by 2022. On Wednesday, Sivan said the agency was making "good progress" toward its first human space flight mission, and had already selected four astronauts for extensive training. Over the past decade, India has made a number of other steps toward achieving its space ambitions. In 2014, India became the first Asian nation to reach Mars, when it put the Mangalyaan probe into orbit around the red planet. In 2017, India launched a record 104 satellites in one mission. And last year, Modi announced that India had shot down one of its own satellites, in what it claimed was an anti-satellite test — making it one of four countries to have achieved that feat. Notably, all of this has been achieved on a relatively low budget. The 2014 Mars Orbiter Mission famously cost $74 million — less than the $100 million spent making the Hollywood space thriller "Gravity." "India doing this at a low cost is important because there has been some criticism over why India has been doing these missions to space when there are other areas to focus on," freelance space journalist Jonathan O Callaghan told CNN last year. "I think it s important for the country to do these missions on a relatively low budget to provide inspirations and aspiration for the general public."

An announcement that will take certain e-cigarette flavors off the US market is coming soon, President Donald Trump told reporters at Mar-a-Lago on Tuesday. "We re going to protect our families, we re going to protect our children and we re going to protect the industry," Trump said, adding some products could "very quickly" return to the market. Multiple outlets reported Tuesday the US Food and Drug Administration plans to announce a ban on the sale of cartridge-based e-cigarette flavors other than tobacco and menthol later this week. The plan was first reported by the Wall Street Journal, citing people familiar with the matter. An FDA spokeswoman told CNN the agency had no comment or information to share. The White House did not respond to CNN s request for comment. Citing administration officials, the New York Times reported the sales ban would not apply to tank vaping systems common in vape shops. Cartridge-based e-cigarettes have been popular among underage users. Juul, the leading e-cigarette maker, has previously stopped selling flavors including mint, mango, creme and cucumber. Trump administration officials announced in September the FDA would try to curb a youth vaping epidemic by stripping all flavors except tobacco from the market. US Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar said at the time that flavored-product manufacturers would also have the opportunity to file for approval from the FDA, but their products would be off the market until approved. Questions and criticism have followed since then. Vaping advocates say a flavor sales ban would curtail some adult smokers efforts to quit, put small vaping companies out of business and eliminate jobs. A Trump campaign adviser previously told CNN that Trump s political aides have warned him that such a ban may not be helpful with his base and that he should reconsider. Health and anti-tobacco advocacy groups have urged the Trump administration to take all flavored products, including menthol, off the market. More than 5 million middle and high school students reported using e-cigarettes in 2019, according to data from the National Youth Tobacco Survey published in December. For the sixth year in a row, e-cigarettes were the most commonly used tobacco product among high school and middle school students. Studies published in the medical journal JAMA in November found that nearly 60% of high school students who vape use Juul, the market leader, and mint was the most popular flavor among US 10th and 12th graders. An estimated 2.4 million high school and middle school students use flavored e-cigarettes, one of the studies found. Fruit was the most commonly reported flavor category, at 66.1% for high school and 67.7% for middle school, followed by menthol or mint at 57.3% for high school and 31.1% for middle school. In a statement on Tuesday, Matthew L. Myers, president of the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, said the reported Trump administration policy "falls woefully short of the bold action the Administration promised." "By leaving menthol flavored e-cigarettes widely available and totally exempting liquid flavored products, this policy will not stop the youth e-cigarette epidemic. It is a capitulation to both Juul and vape shops and gives a green light to the e-cigarette industry to continue to target and addict kids with flavored products," Myers statement said in part. CNN has reached out to Juul for comment. Juul has previously noted its action to prevent youth vaping, including halting sales of flavors, implementing age verification tools and supporting legislation to bring the legal age to use tobacco to 21. Stanton Glantz, director of University of California, San Francisco s Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, said that the reported sales ban is "better than nothing" to curb youth vaping, but likely will have less of an impact than the outright flavor ban originally promised. "It is a step forward. Although menthol is by far and away the most important flavor and what the evidence is showing is when you get rid of the other flavors, kids just go to menthol," Glantz said. Additionally, "the fact that they are exempting the tank systems is very concerning because there is even less quality control on the tank systems than the closed systems," he said, noting that tank systems are currently a "relatively small" part of the vaping market. In December, the sweeping spending bill President Donald Trump signed into law included a measure that prohibits the sale of tobacco products to anyone under the age of 21. As of last week, the FDA said on its website, "it is now illegal for a retailer to sell any tobacco product -- including cigarettes, cigars and e-cigarettes -- to anyone under 21."

Egypt s Environment Ministry on Monday announced that its “19808” hotline is available to report any attempts to trade in, illegally fish, and hunt endangered wildlife species. Environment Minister Yasmine Fouad said that the ministry will hold a series of seminars and workshops across various governorates to help raise awareness on endangered species and report any attempts to trade them. She praised the local community residents of the natural reserves, especially the St. Catherine Reserve, for their participation in monitoring and recording wildlife. One family there had observed some endangered wildlife, and contacted the St. Catherine Reserve s team to record the findings – which was confirmed through surveying the area and tracking the wild animals by specialists and experts at the reserve. This example serves to highlight the local community s importance in preserving wildlife and biological diversity, thereby ensuring the sustainable use of natural resources, she said. Fouad added that the ministry supports promoting and integrating partnerships between the Natural Reserves Department and the local community, contributing to preserving the quality of ecosystems and achieving Egypt s 2030 sustainable development strategy. The minister also thanked the employees of the Zaranik Reserve for their success in re-introducing a green turtle to its natural environment on one of the beaches of Arish city in North Sinai after its rescue and treatment with the participation of the local community, youth and faculty members of the University of Sinai, in addition to the turtle rescue team in Egypt.

Wyze Labs, which makes smart cameras and connected home gadgets, has confirmed databases holding millions of customers information were exposed to the public. The first data leak exposed customer email addresses, as well as the email addresses of those people who were given permission to view the camera feeds. A list of cameras in customers home and tokens used to connect to smartphones and personal assistants such as Alexa were also left open for public view. That database was left exposed from December 4 until December 26. The breach was disclosed on December 26 by Twelve Security and quickly confirmed by Wyze. Twelve Security said the data breach involved 2.4 million customers worldwide. Wyze said no customer passwords or financial information was contained in the database that was left unprotected. Wyze on Monday said a second database had also been exposed. It did not give details of what information is on that database, although it said it also did not include passwords or financial information. As part of the response to the original data leak, Wyze logged out their customers and required them to log in again to create new tokens. Wyze, which was started by three former Amazon employees, makes cameras that cost as little as $20, much less than the hundreds of dollars that many competing products cost. The price is one of the reasons CNN Business listed it as one of the top tech gifts of 2019. But as smart home devices, such as cameras, become more common, a growing number of hackers have sought to access them. Earlier this month, four families with Ring cameras reported that hackers had accessed their system and talked to them. One told an 8-year old girl that he was Santa Claus, and urged her to destroy the room. Ring, which is owned by Amazon (AMZN), said the system invasion was not the result of a breach or failure of Ring s security. Instead, it said the hackers had likely gained access to the family s account through weak or stolen login credentials.

The Mars 2020 rover, which sets off for the Red Planet next year, will not only search for traces of ancient life, but pave the way for future human missions, NASA scientists said Friday as they unveiled the vehicle. The rover has been constructed in a large, sterile room at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, near Los Angeles, where its driving equipment was given its first successful test last week. Shown to invited journalists on Friday, it is scheduled to leave Earth in July 2020 from Florida s Cape Canaveral, becoming the fifth US rover to land on Mars seven months later in February. “It s designed to seek the signs of life, so we re carrying a number of different instruments that will help us understand the geological and chemical context on the surface of Mars,” deputy mission leader Matt Wallace told AFP. Among the devices on board the rover are 23 cameras, two “ears” that will allow it to listen to Martian winds, and lasers used for chemical analysis. Approximately the size of a car, the rover is equipped with six wheels like its predecessor Curiosity, allowing it to traverse rocky terrain. Speed is not a priority for the vehicle, which only has to cover around 200 yards per Martian day — approximately the same as a day on Earth. Fueled by a miniature nuclear reactor, Mars 2020 has seven-foot-long articulated arms and a drill to crack open rock samples in locations scientists identify as potentially suitable for life. – Ancient life – “What we re looking for is ancient microbial life — we re talking about billions of years ago on Mars, when the planet was much more Earth-like,” said Wallace. Back then, the Red Planet had warm surface water, a thicker atmosphere and a magnetic force around it, he explained. “And so it was much more conducive to the types of simple single cell life that evolved here on Earth at that time,” Wallace said. Once collected, the samples will be hermetically sealed in tubes by the rover. The tubes will then be discarded on the planet s surface, where they will lie until a future mission can transport them back to Earth. “We are hoping to move fairly quickly. We d like to see the next mission launched in 2026, which will get to Mars and pick up the samples, put them into a rocket and propel that sample into orbit around Mars,” said Wallace. “The sample would then rendezvous with an orbiter and the orbiter would bring the sample back to the Earth.” Samples should reach Earth “in the course of a decade or so,” he added. – Human mission – To maximize its chance of unearthing traces of ancient life, Mars 2020 will land in a long dried-up delta called Jezero. The site, selected after years of scientific debate, is a crater that was once a 500-yard-deep lake. It was formerly connected to a network of rivers that flowed some 3.5 to 3.9 billion years ago. The crater measures just under 30 miles across, and experts hope it may have preserved ancient organic molecules. The Mars 2020 mission also carries hopes for an even more ambitious target — a human mission to Mars. “I think of it, really, as the first human precursor mission to Mars,” said Wallace. Equipment on board “will allow us to make oxygen” that could one day be used both for humans to breathe, and to fuel the departure from Mars “for the return trip.” The ambitions come as a new space race hots up, with Beijing increasingly vying to threaten US dominance. China on Friday launched one of the world s most powerful rockets in a major step forward for its own planned mission to Mars next year. NASA s Mars 2020 will remain active for at least one Martian year, which is around two years on Earth. But Martian rovers have frequently exceeded their intended lifespans — its predecessor Curiosity landed on Mars in 2012 and is still trundling around the planet s Mount Sharp region.

The first-ever competition to send an Egyptian astronaut to space is set to begin in January 2020, according to a recent announcement by Chairman of the Egyptian Space Agency Mohamed al-Qousy. Qousy told a delegation of the Education and Scientific Research Committee of the House of Representatives on Wednesday during their visit to the Egyptian Space Agency headquarters in the administrative capital that the qualification program will last six years and will be divided into several phases. Each phase will last between two and three years, during which qualified competitors will be selected in accordance with specific global standards. Meanwhile, agency officials told the delegation that applicants in the first stage will need to pass psychological, physical and technical tests in order to qualify for the second stage. The second stage of the program will focus on practical issues, such as living in the International Space Station, Qousy said, adding that any young man or woman can apply for the competition.

The climate summit in Madrid earlier this month did not collapse — but by almost any measure it certainly failed. Five years after the fragile UN process yielded the world s first universal climate treaty, COP25 was billed as a mopping-up session to finish guidelines for carbon markets, thus completing the Paris Agreement rulebook. Governments faced with a crescendo of deadly weather, dire alarms from science and weekly strikes by millions of young people were also expected to signal an enhanced willingness to tackle the climate crisis threatening to unravel civilization as we know it. The result? A deadlock and a dodge. The 12-day talks extended two days into overtime but still punted the carbon market conundrum to next year s COP26 in Glasgow. A non-binding pledge, meanwhile, to revisit deeply inadequate national plans for slashing greenhouse gas emissions was apparently too big an ask. The European Union was the only major emitter to step up with an ambitious mid-century target (“net zero”), and even then it was over the objection of Poland and without a crucial midway marker. UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres labelled COP25 “disappointing”. Others were more blunt. “The can-do spirit that birthed the Paris Agreement feels like a distant memory,” said Helen Mountford of Washington-based think tank World Resources Institute (WRI). “The world is screaming out for climate action but this summit has responded with a whisper,” noted Chema Vera, executive director of Oxfam International. So what went wrong? At least five factors contributed to the Madrid meltdown. – Amateur hour – To an unsettling degree, the outcome of a UN climate summit — where 196 nations must sign off on every decision — depends on the savvy and skill of the host country, which acts as a facilitator. The stars were not aligned for the chaotic Copenhagen summit of 2009 and the Danish prime minister s less-than-deft maneuvering did not help. By contrast, the 2015 climate treaty was in no small measure made possible by France s diplomatic tour-de-force. This year, Chile s environment minister Carolina Schmidt wielded the hammer after the conference was moved at the last minute to Madrid due to massive protests on the streets of Santiago. From Day One, when Schmidt s mishandling of a request from the African negotiating bloc mushroomed into a diplomatic incident, veteran observers worried that she was not up to the job. For Greenpeace International executive director Jennifer Morgan, “an irresponsibly weak Chilean leadership” enabled Brazil and Saudi Arabia to push agendas destined to derail the talks. “Chile played a bad hand poorly,” noted another insider. A marginal factor, perhaps, but not a negligible one. – Fox in the henhouse – Among the nearly 30,000 diplomats, experts, activists and journalists accredited to attend the summit were hundreds of high-octane fossil fuel lobbyists. They are collectively the elephant in the room: everyone knows what causes climate change but it is considered impolitic within the UN climate bubble to point fingers. Even the Paris Agreement turns a blind eye: nowhere in its articles does one find the words oil, natural gas, coal, fossil fuels or even CO2. “We need to engage with them,” UN Climate executive secretary Patricia Espinosa told AFP when asked whether it was time to exclude such lobbyists from the room. “There is no way we will achieve this transformation without the energy industry, including oil and gas.” But the incongruity of their participation in a life-and-death struggle to wean the world from their products has become harder to ignore. “Is there no space free from greenwashing,” asked Mohamed Adow, director of climate think tank Power Shift Africa. “The UN climate negotiations should be the one place that is free from such fossil fuel interference.” – The Trump effect – On November 4, 2020 — the day after US voters will renew Donald Trump s mandate or turn him out of office — the United States is set to formally withdraw from the Paris Agreement. It will be the second time that a Republican White House has plunged a dagger in the heart of a climate treaty nurtured by the Democratic administration that preceded it — the Kyoto Protocol was the previous one. From the moment Trump was elected — on Day Two of COP22 in Marrakesh — advocates of climate action have played down the negative impact of the world s largest economy and second biggest carbon polluter pulling out of the Paris deal. But the corrosive “Trump effect” was palpable in Madrid, as was the anger at Washington for twisting arms even as it walked out the door. “There are one or two parties that seem hell-bent on ensuring any calls for ambition, action and environmental integrity are rolled back,” said Simon Stiell, Grenada s environment minister. Poor and small-island nations exposed to climate-addled weather — drought, heatwaves, super-storms, rising seas — were especially incensed at behind-the-scenes US efforts to block a separate stream of money for “loss and damage”. Rich nations have promised developing ones $100 billion (90 billion euros) annually starting next year to help them adapt to future climate impacts, but there is no provision in the 1992 bedrock climate treaty for damages already incurred. No one, it seems, imagined that climate talks would drag on for 30 years. The US withdrawal has also crippled the coalition that delivered the landmark Paris treaty, said Li Shuo, a senior policy analyst for Greenpeace East Asia. “The US-China-EU climate tricycle has had a wheel pulled off by Trump,” he told AFP. “Going into 2020, it is critical for the remaining two wheels to roll in sync.” – China at the wheel – When it comes to climate change, Beijing holds the fate of the planet in its hands. China accounts for 29 percent of global CO2 emissions, more than the next three countries — the US, Russia, India — combined, according to the Global Carbon Project. Its carbon footprint has tripled in 20 years from 3.2 to 10 billions tonnes in 2018. The core commitment of China s voluntary carbon cutting plan, annexed to the Paris treaty, is to stabilise its CO2 output by 2030. Experts agree that China could hit that mark earlier and more countries are asking Beijing — ever so gingerly — to promise it will. Granada s minster Stiell called out half-a-dozen rich and emerging economies — including China and India — for not revising their voluntary plans in line with a world in which warming does not exceed 1.5 degrees Celsius. Failure to do so, he said, “shows a lack of ambition that also undermines ours”. “China s emissions, like the rest of the world s, need to peak imminently, and then decline rapidly,” for the world to stay under 1.5C or even 2C, according to the Climate Action Tracker, a consortium that analyses climate commitments. But Beijing has been coy about its intentions. Going into Madrid, it hinted at a revised target ahead of COP26. But during the Madrid meeting, China dug in its heels and — backed by India — invoked the principle that rich countries must take the lead in addressing climate change, calling out their failure to deliver on promises made. “Ambition of Parties is measured first and foremost by the implementation of its commitments,” said a joint statement from China, India, Brazil and South Africa. The statement said commitments made by developed countries in the pre-2020 period — especially for money and technology — must be honored. China s lack of enthusiasm is also rooted in changes on the domestic front. “When an economy slows, it is more difficult to be as single-minded about leadership on climate change,” said WRI s Andrew Steer referring to China s position. China is only likely to follow with measures of its own if the European Union confirms its mid-century “net zero” goal and vows to slash emissions by at least 55 percent by 2030, several experts said. “If the EU doesn t come through, we re screwed,” said one observer with more than 20 COPs under her belt. – Spitting into the wind – Perhaps the most daunting headwind facing UN climate talks is rising nationalism, populism and economic retrenchment — all at the expense of the multilateralism. “The stalemate over carbon markets is a symptom of a more general polarization and lack of cooperation among countries,” said Sebastien Treyer of the IDDRI think tank in Paris. Street protests, meanwhile, against the rise in cost-of-living in France, Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, Egypt and more than two dozen other countries in 2019 have given governments already reluctant to invest in a low-carbon future another reason to baulk. “These cases highlight how sensitive populations are to change in the price of basic commodities like food, energy and transport,” noted Stephane Hallegatte of the World Bank. “This is the context in which most countries have committed to stabilize climate change.” Even the diplomats and activists deeply invested in the UN climate process have begun to wonder if it is fit for purpose. Negotiations are transactional by nature, and may not be suited to an emergency situation, some noted. “We are standing and watching our house on fire,” said Steer from the WRI. “I ve got a fire hose, you ve got a fire hose, but I m not going to turn mine on until you do.” But nations with the most to lose have few alternatives. “It is the only space where poor countries — who have done the least to pollute and yet are suffering first and worst from its destruction — have a voice,” said Power Shift Africa s Mohamed Adow. “But, sadly, it is proving inadequate.” The key to unlocking the diplomatic deadlock may lie within civil society, said Johan Rockstrom of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), who wonders whether a wave of moral outrage could push governments toward more decisive action. “Are we approaching a tipping point where it will no longer be acceptable to shorten the lives of people with fossil fuel pollution?”, he asked, noting that breathing the air in the Indian capital New Delhi is like smoking 10 cigarettes a day. The Fridays for Future youth movement sparked by teenage climate activist Greta Thunberg saw millions of people spill into the streets demanding climate action. If their numbers rise to tens or hundreds of millions, maybe leaders in democratic and autocratic governments alike will begin to take note.

The end of 2019 signals the beginning of a new decade. Maybe it s being on that precipice that prompted our nostalgic pick for favorite tech gadget of the year. The Nintendo Switch Lite, which debuted in September, is a throwback to a simpler time when you could play games on the go from a dedicated handheld device. In a world of increasingly powerful smartphones that pull our attention in numerous directions at once, it s nice to have a device built solely for gaming fun. It recalls Nintendo s iconic Game Boy devices, which dominated the 90s and made gaming popular among even the most casual players. Game Boys eventually were featured in a variety of bright colors to appeal to gamers of all sensibilities. In a similar move, the Switch Lite comes in three colors: gray, turquoise and yellow. It s strictly a handheld device, unlike its predecessor the Nintendo Switch, which can be played standalone or docked to use with a TV. The Lite is also smaller, lighter and cheaper. It costs $200 whereas the Switch costs $300. The Lite can play most Switch games, as long as they re handheld compatible. The Switch Lite should bolster the already-successful Switch family of devices. The Switch was the best-selling video-game hardware platform of 2019 in the United States and the only platform showing year-over-year growth, according to Mat Piscatella, executive director of games at research firm NPD Group. "Nintendo Switch Lite has certainly helped with this performance since launching in September," said Piscatella. "It s a perfect Pokemon machine, and with the record setting launch of Pokemon Sword and Pokemon Shield in November, Switch is almost certain to finish the year as the best-selling video game hardware of the holiday season." Piscatella said the affordability of the Lite version makes it easier for multiple people in a household to own one. The other factor helping Nintendo is that Sony and Microsoft aren t set to launch their next generation of hardware until late 2020. Over Thanksgiving week, the Nintendo Switch and Switch Lite sold a combined total of more than 830,000 units in the United States, according to Bill Trinen, Nintendo of America s senior director or product marketing. It was the single best week of US sales in the history of the Nintendo Switch, which launched in 2017.

The Chamber of Diving and Water Sports (CDWS) in Egypt announced it will organize awareness training courses regarding safe practice for divers to interact with oceanic white-tip sharks, during January 2020. The dates and locations of the courses have been set in Hurghada for January 19, 2020. A statement from the CDWS said that these courses target professional dive guides, dive instructors and technical managers.

Environment Minister Yasmine Fouad in a Saturday statement said that noise pollution poses a significant problem, and that noise monitoring devices show that Cairo is the most noise-polluted city in Egypt due to its high population density. She explained that her ministry is preparing a database and map of the noise levels across Egypt, to help with establishing new facilities and major national projects such as highways, bridges, hospitals, schools and residential areas. Devising the database and the map comes within the framework of Egypt s “Vision 2030” sustainable development strategy, she said. Fouad explained that the map will be useful in implementing the plan to combat noise and in urban planning for new structures, and to reduce noise rates in existing areas. The selection of monitoring sites is carried out according to international standards, she said. The national network monitoring environmental noise has been established since March 2007 until now, Fouad explained. It consists of 30 stations for monitoring noise within Cairo, Giza, and Qalyubiya, in addition to a monitoring station on the Suez Canal in Ismailia. She added that on Saturday the ministry finalized the installation of a noise monitoring station in Damanhour in Beheira governorate, as part of the ministry s plan to develop the noise monitoring network.

Immunologist Ali Ellebedy was working on a study analyzing the immune response to flu infection in humans. During his research, he spotted a new type of powerful antibody in a blood sample from a patient infected with human influenza virus. Ellebedy then sent samples of the antibody to Florian Krammer — a microbiologist who proved the effectiveness of the antibodies by testing them against extensive samples of virus proteins dating back to the 1970s. These proteins, called neuraminidase, enable the virus to spread through the human body.

A marathon UN summit wrapped up Sunday with little to show, squeezing hard-earned compromises from countries over a global warming battle plan that fell well short of what science says is needed to tackle the climate crisis. The COP25 deal “expresses the urgent need” for new carbon cutting commitments to close the gap between current emissions and the Paris treaty goal of capping temperature at below two degrees, host country Spain said in a statement.

Egypt s first lady Entissar al-Sisi, spouse of President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, welcomed humanoid robot Sophia attending the World Youth Forum being held at Sharm el-Sheikh. “It s a new extraordinary experience, meeting Sophia, talking to her and listening to her smart responses,” the first lady wrote in a Facebook post. “I loved her abilities to simulate the mental capabilities of humans, which represents a turning point in the relationship between humans and robots and a real beginning for a new era for humanity,” she said.

A number of users reported experiencing the loss of crucial login data in third-party apps after installing Chrome 79 on their devices. The tech giant confirmed any app that accesses Chrome via Android s built-in WebView system could be affected and said it could take a week to resolve. The update has already been rolled out to 50% of Android users worldwide. A number of apps rely heavily on WebView, while some - including Twitter Lite, a scaled-down version of the social media platform - are run entirely using the system. The latest update hasn t deleted the data, but it has changed its location and rendered it impossible to find. Google founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin step back from top roles An outpouring of complaints from users began appearing on Google s forum after the update went live on 10 December. "This is a catastrophe. Our users data are being deleted as they receive the update," said one frustrated developer. Others complained that their apps had been inundated with overwhelmingly negative reviews on Google s Play Store after the bug rendered them unusable. Google said in a statement that it was looking for ways to resolve the issue but said a fix could take up to a week.

A marathon UN summit wrapped up Sunday with little to show, squeezing hard-earned compromises from countries over a global warming battle plan that fell well short of what science says is needed to tackle the climate crisis. The COP25 deal “expresses the urgent need” for new carbon cutting commitments to close the gap between current emissions and the Paris treaty goal of capping temperature at below two degrees, host country Spain said in a statement. “Today the citizens of the world are asking for us to move ahead faster and better, in financing, adaptation, mitigation,” Carolina Schmidt, Chilean environment minister and President of COP25, told the closing plenary. Following a year of deadly extreme weather and weekly strikes by millions of young people demanding action, negotiations in Madrid were under pressure to send a clear signal that governments were willing to double down. The summit — moved at the last minute from Chile due to unrest — at times teetered on the brink of collapse as rich polluters, emerging powerhouses and climate-vulnerable nations groped for common ground in the face of competing national interests. “Based on the adopted text, there is a glimmer of hope that the heart of the Paris Agreement is still beating,” said Mohamed Adow, Director of Power Shift, referring the treaty inked in the French capital. “But its pulse is very weak.” Negotiators from nearly 200 nations came to Spain s capital with the aim of finalizing the rulebook for the 2015 agreement, which enjoins nations to limit global temperature to below two degrees Celsius (3.6 Fahrenheit). – Missing in action – With the accord set to become operational next year, it had been hoped COP 25 would show the world that governments would be moved by protests, irrefutable science, and deadly storms and wildfires that marked 2019 to redouble their efforts. But greater ambition — how far each country is willing to slash carbon emissions or assist less wealthy peers to do likewise — has largely failed to materialize. Veteran observers of UN climate talks were stunned by the state of play. “Never have I seen such a disconnect between what the science requires and what the climate negotiations are delivering in terms of meaningful action,” said Alden Meyer, director of strategy and policy at the Union of Concerned Scientists and a 28-year veteran of the climate process. “Most of the world s biggest emitting countries are missing in action and resisting calls to raise their ambition.” The push for a strengthening of voluntary carbon cutting plans is led by small-island and least-developed states, along with the European Union. These have called out nations they see as blocking consensus for all countries to step up, notably the United States, Australia and Saudi Arabia. China and India, the world s No. 1 and No. 4 carbon emitters, made it clear they see no need to improve on their current emissions reduction plans, which run to 2030. These emerging giants chose instead to emphasize the historical responsibility of rich nations to lead the way and provide financing to poor countries. “Major players who needed to deliver in Madrid did not live up to expectations,” said Laurence Tubiana, CEO of the European Climate Foundation and, as France top negotiator, a main architect of the Paris Agreement. “But thanks to a progressive alliance of small island states, European, African and Latin American countries, we obtained the best possible outcome, against the will of big polluters.” Loss and damage The summit was also meant to finalize a chapter on carbon markets in the Paris rulebook. Some nations, notably Brazil and Australia, want to count carbon credits accumulated under a previous climate deal as part of their commitments under the Paris goals. Discussions over markets ended in impasse Sunday and the issue will to be handed over to next year s COP 26 in Glasgow. The US, which is leaving the Paris deal next year, was accused of playing spoiler on a number of issues vital to climate-vulnerable nations. This included so-called “loss and damage” funding to help disaster-hit countries repair and rebuild. “The US has not come here in good faith,” said Harjeet Singh, climate lead with charity ActionAid. “They continue to block the world s efforts to help people whose lives have been turned upside down by climate change.” Even if all countries implement their current plans under Paris, Earth is on course to warm more than 3C by 2100. The failure to get the rulebook finalized in Madrid mean all eyes will be on Glasgow 2020 — when the true Paris deal deadline falls. “We must all act quickly, working in partnership to decarbonise our economies and adapt to the impact of climate change,” Archie Young, Britain s Head of International Climate Change Negotiations.

Do you bathe in milk, gobble up kimchi or dress in getups straight out of the 80s? If you don t, you might soon -- Facebook predicts those trends could go global in 2020. For its 2020 Topic and Trends Report, Facebook collected country-specific topics users in 13 countries had shared that it says could become mainstream next year. When patterns in topics emerged, the company said it relied on third-party researchers to "inform and validate" the findings. This year s edition predicts everything from DIY projects in Brazil to scaled-back skincare in the Philippines to craft coffee in Thailand. Last year s report focused solely on the US and predicted everything from a zero-waste economy and cerebral horror films to ASMR and healthy soul food. We ll have to wait a year to find out how accurate their 2020 trends forecasts are, but until then, browse through a few of the trends Facebook says could break through. Americans are talking more about methane emissions associated with animal agriculture, but they re not willing to give up meat entirely. Facebook says the rise of flexitarianism -- a majority plant-based diet that occasionally incorporates meat and fish -- could become a 2020 movement. Another major topic of conversation in North America -- houseplants and succulents. Canadians are greening up living spaces with indoor plants and sharing the results widely -- "plant parent" influencers are encouraging their followers to get greener. Self-care is now synonymous with luxuriating in the US, so it s fitting that baths could come back in a big way. Specifically, Facebook predicts, milk baths will become en vogue. Rumored to be a pastime of Cleopatra, the baths are supposedly moisturizing for dry skin some centuries later. Podcasts already seem like they rule the world. But they ll increasingly inform what US viewers see on screen, Facebook predicts. Pointing to "The Farewell," the acclaimed film based on a segment in NPR s "This American Life" and podcasts like "Dirty John" and "2 Dope Queens" that were adapted as TV series, the company says we ll see the audio medium become so massive that Hollywood will increasingly capitalize on its fandom and creative freedom. Australia could see a surge in gut-friendly foots like kimchi and ghee, or clarified butter. They re packed with probiotics that strengthen the "gut biome" -- the good bacteria that live in the gastrointestinal tract. The country s also a major purveyor of high-fiber foods like chickpea and lentil pasta, a protein-packed alternative to traditional wheat flour fare. The US adopted avocado toast from the Aussies, so maybe the American masses will follow Australia s lead again. Kimchi, a stalwart of Korean fare, and kombucha have already crossed over into the US. Astrology isn t all horoscopes and zodiac signs. In Argentina, Facebook users are considering how their birth charts impact their emotional intelligence, with a Buenos Aires hospital even incorporating astrological personalities into its workshops for mental health patients. Top searches included "tarot" and "Mercury" -- when the planet s in retrograde, astrology buffs believe the backward movement causes changes in mood and a greater likelihood for errors and frustration. Millennials and Gen Zers in Brazil are embracing the nostalgia of a time they never lived in. Facebook says 1980s cultural touchstones, like neon and lamé clothing and vintage tech like cassettes and 8-bit video games, hearken back to a "simpler time." Adults who lived through the 80s might beg to differ, but Facebook says callbacks to the decade could be big in Brazil.

The Arctic has experienced its second warmest year since 1900, according to a report published Tuesday, raising fears over low summer sea ice and rising sea levels. The North Pole has been warming twice as fast as the rest of the planet since the 1990s, a phenomenon climatologists call Arctic amplification, and the past six years have been the region s warmest ever. The average temperature in the 12 months to September was 1.9 degrees Celsius higher than the 1981-2010 average, according to the Arctic Report Card of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency (NOAA). The end-of-summer sea ice cover measured that month was the second lowest in the 41-year satellite record, tied with 2007 and 2016, the annual report said. “2007 was a watershed year,” Don Perovich, a Dartmouth engineering professor who co-authored the report, told AFP. “Some years there s an increase, some years there s a decrease, but we ve never returned to the levels we saw before 2007,” he added. The year up to September has been surpassed only by the equivalent period in 2015-16 — the warmest since 1900, when records began. In the Bering Sea between Russia and Alaska, the last two winters have seen maximum sea ice coverage of less than half the long-term average. The ice is also thinner, meaning airplanes can no longer land with supplies for the residents of Diomede, a small island in the Bering Strait, who now depend on less reliable helicopters. Melting permafrost Thick ice is also vital for locals who travel by snowmobile and stow their boats, or hunt seals and whales. As the ice forms later in the fall, the inhabitants are isolated for a greater part of the year. The “shorefast ice,” anchored to the sea floor, is increasingly rare, and it is on this ice that fishermen and hunters store their equipment. “In the northern Bering Sea, sea ice used to be present with us for eight months a year. Today, we may only see three or four months with ice,” indigenous residents wrote in an essay included in the report. It is not just sea ice that is receding, according to the report: ice on Greenland is also melting. For the rest of the world this melt is measured by rising sea levels. Each year ice melting from Greenland alone raises global sea levels by 0.7 millimeters. The snow reflects the sun s rays back to space, but when it melts it uncovers more area for the sun s heat to be absorbed and melts the permafrost, the soil that remains constantly frozen. Greenland has the world s second largest ice sheet after Antarctica, which is melting at a slower pace. Scientists noted Tuesday that Greenland is struggling too, however. It has lost 3.8 trillion tonnes of ice since 1992, enough on its own to add 10.6 millimeters (1.06 centimeters, 0.4 inches) to sea levels, according to a study in the journal Nature. If all of Greenland s ice melted, or were diverted into the ocean as icebergs, the world s oceans would rise by 7.4 meters, scientists say.

Choices made today on how to grow Africa s economies will determine not only if the continent prospers but if global warming can be tamed, diplomats and experts told AFP at UN climate talks in Madrid. With two-thirds of its population lacking electricity, much of Africa s energy future remains a blank slate. But unless the continent s leaders can forge a development pathway fuelled by clean and renewable energy, they risk following the same pollution-laden trajectory that causes two million premature deaths in India and China every year. Growth driven by oil, gas and especially coal would also heat the planet well beyond the safety threshold dictated by science, and enshrined in the Paris climate treaty. So far, Africa is essentially blameless when it comes to climate change. The continent is home to 17 percent of the world s population and more than a quarter of its nations, but only accounts for four percent of the greenhouse gas emissions pushing the planet toward runaway warming. Remove South Africa and the oil- and gas-fuelled economies of north Africa from the picture, and the share of CO2 pollution drops to one percent. But this negligible carbon footprint is due mostly to poverty and underdevelopement — something, experts say, that could rapidly change. “Africans have not been responsible for the beginning of the story of the climate crisis, but they will have a huge impact on how the story ends,” Mohamed Adow, Director of Power Shift Africa and a veteran of UN climate talks, told AFP. “The continent is on the cusp of sweeping development that can either go down a clean energy path, or one based on fossil fuels.” Not an outrageous ask As that transformation unfolds, Africa will accommodate at least half the projected global population growth over the next 30 years, according to the UN. The number of people — overwhelmingly young — in Sub-Saharan Africa will likely double. For Tosi Mpanu Mpanu, senior negotiator at the climate talks for the Democratic Republic of Congo, the path Africa takes depends heavily on the help it gets from other countries and international institutions. “If we are going to live in a world where warming is limited to 1.5C, Africa has a role to play,” he told journalists. “But we have to receive means of implementation, financial resources, technology transfer — these are not outrageous asks.” Mohamed Nasr, an official in Egypt s foreign ministry and chair of the 54-nation Africa Group, a negotiating bloc at the climate talks, agrees. “We need to understand the dilemma our policymakers are facing,” he told journalists in Madrid. “We want to take action on climate change,” he said. “But poverty is very high, there is a need for education, for health care. And most African countries are highly indebted.” In many regions, the resources most readily available to fuel the growth that can satisfy those needs are the same ones overheating the planet. Africa s fossil fuel vs renewables dilemma is, perhaps, best encapsulated in Nasr s home country. On the one hand, Egypt has almost completed the world s largest solar park, with funding from the World Bank s investment arm, the International Finance Corporation. Avoided emissions But it s estimated 2,000 megawatt capacity will be dwarfed by the Hamrawein coal-powered station, under construction with funding from Chinese banks and state-run investment corporations. China is also behind coal-fired development — for electricity and to power mining operations — in Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Malawi and Mozambique, according to the Global Coal Finance Tracker. “Chinese finance is backing 30 gigawatts of coal-fired power projects currently under development in Africa,” Christine Shearer, program director for coal at the Global Energy Monitor, told AFP. “Many of these projects would come online in the next five to ten years — locking the countries into coal use precisely at the time when prices for solar and wind power are projected to fall below coal power.” Currently, South Africa is the only country on the continent with a large coal industry — and all the public health problems that come with it. “At the same time, there are budding renewable energy sectors and projects in Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco and Algeria,” noted Lauri Myllyvirta, lead analyst for the Center for Research on Energy and Clean Air. The tug-of-war across Africa between fossil fuels and renewables is sure to continue, and it may be years before a clear winner emerges. For clean energy to prevail, however, the rest of the world must recognize the value of avoiding carbon emissions, not just cutting them, said Adow. “The UN needs to incentivize Africa to stay on a clean path,” he told AFP. “But to do this it needs finance and technology so it can leap-frog fossil fuels.”