A coronavirus vaccine developed by the University of Oxford appears safe and triggers an immune response. Trials involving 1,077 people showed the injection led to them making antibodies and T-cells that can fight coronavirus. The findings are hugely promising, but it is still too soon to know if this is enough to offer protection and larger trials are under way. The UK has already ordered 100 million doses of the vaccine. How does the vaccine work? The vaccine - called ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 - is being developed at unprecedented speed. It is made from a genetically engineered virus that causes the common cold in chimpanzees. It has been heavily modified, first so it cannot cause infections in people and also to make it "look" more like coronavirus. Scientists did this by transferring the genetic instructions for the coronavirus s "spike protein" - the crucial tool it uses to invade our cells - to the vaccine they were developing. This means the vaccine resembles the coronavirus and the immune system can learn how to attack it. What are antibodies and T-cells? Much of the focus on coronavirus so far has been about antibodies, but these are only one part of our immune defence. Antibodies are small proteins made by the immune system that stick onto the surface of viruses. Neutralising antibodies can disable the coronavirus. T-cells, a type of white blood cell, help co-ordinate the immune system and are able to spot which of the body s cells have been infected and destroy them. Nearly all effective vaccines induce both an antibody and a T-cell response. Image copyrightOXFORD UNIVERSITY Image caption Sample from patients are analysed as part of the trial. Levels of T-cells peaked 14 days after vaccination and antibody levels peaked after 28 days. The study has not run for long enough to understand how long they may last, the study in the Lancet showed. Prof Andrew Pollard, from the Oxford research group told the BBC: "We re really pleased with the results published today as we re seeing both neutralising antibodies and T-cells. "They re extremely promising and we believe the type of response that may be associated with protection. "But the key question everyone wants to know is does the vaccine work, does it offer protection... and we re in a waiting game." The study showed 90% of people developed neutralising antibodies after one dose. Only ten people were given two doses and all of them produced neutralising antibodies. "We don t know the level needed for protection, but we can maximise responses with a second dose," Prof Pollard told the BBC. Is it safe? Yes, but there are side-effects. There were no dangerous side-effects from taking the vaccine, however, 70% of people on the trial developed either fever or headache. The researchers say this could be managed with paracetamol. Prof Sarah Gilbert, from the University of Oxford, UK, says: "There is still much work to be done before we can confirm if our vaccine will help manage the Covid-19 pandemic, but these early results hold promise." What are the next steps in the trial? The results so far are promising, but their main purpose is to ensure the vaccine is safe enough to give to people. The study cannot show whether the vaccine can either prevent people from becoming ill or even lessen their symptoms of Covid-19. More than 10,000 people will take part in the next stage of the trials in the UK. However, the trial has also been expanded to other countries because levels of coronavirus are low in the UK, making it hard to know if the vaccine is effective. There will be a large trial involving 30,000 people in the US as well 2,000 in South Africa and 5,000 in Brazil. There are also calls to perform "challenge trials" in which vaccinated people are deliberately infected with coronavirus. However, there are ethical concerns due to a lack of treatments. When will I get a vaccine? It is possible a coronavirus vaccine will be proven effective before the end of the year, however, it will not be widely available. Health and care workers will be prioritised as will people who are deemed at high risk from Covid-19 due to their age or medical conditions. However, widespread vaccination is likely to be, at the earliest, next year even if everything goes to plan. Boris Johnson said: "Obviously I m hopeful, I ve got my fingers crossed, but to say I m 100% confident we ll get a vaccine this year, or indeed next year, is, alas, just an exaggeration. "We re not there yet." What progress is being made with other vaccines? The Oxford vaccine is not the first to reach this stage, with groups in the US and China also publishing similar results. The US company Moderna was first out of the blocks and its vaccine can produce neutralising antibodies. They are injecting coronavirus RNA (its genetic code), which then starts making viral proteins in order to trigger an immune response. The companies BioNtech and Pfizer have also had positive results using their RNA vaccine. A technique similar to the Oxford one, developed in China, also seems promising. However, all these approaches are at the absolute boundary of science and have not been proven to work before. More traditional methods of vaccine development are also being investigated. The company Valneva is taking the whole coronavirus, inactivating it and then inject it. In total there are 23 coronavirus vaccines in clinical trials around the world and another 140 in early stage development. Will the UK get a coronavirus vaccine? The UK government has struck deals for 190 million doses of different vaccines. This includes: 100 million doses of the Oxford vaccine made from a genetically engineered virus 30 million doses of the BioNtech/Pfizer vaccine, which injects part of the coronavirus genetic code 60 million doses of the Valneva inactivated coronavirus These have been paid for even though it is uncertain which, if any, of the vaccines may prove effective for immunising a nation with 66m people. Kate Bingham, chairwoman of the UK Vaccine Taskforce, told the BBC: "What we are doing is identifying the most promising vaccines across the different categories, or different types of vaccine, so that we can be sure that we do have a vaccine in case one of those actually proves to be both safe and effective. "It s unlikely to be a single vaccine for everybody. "We may well need different vaccines for different groups of people." Follow James on Twitter INSIDE HEALTH: Why is there an elevated risk from Covid-19 for some groups in society? DIET AND MENTAL WELLBEING: Does the food you eat help or hinder you emotionally... What questions do you have about vaccines and the coronavirus? In some cases your question will be published, displaying your name, age and location as you provide it, unless you state otherwise. Your contact details will never be published. Please ensure you have read our terms & conditions and privacy policy.

Billionaires Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos and Bill Gates are among many prominent US figures targeted by hackers on Twitter in an apparent Bitcoin scam. The official accounts of Barack Obama, Joe Biden and Kanye West also requested donations in the cryptocurrency. "Everyone is asking me to give back," a tweet from Mr Gates account said. "You send $1,000, I send you back $2,000." Twitter said it was a "co-ordinated" attack targeting its employees "with access to internal systems and tools". "We know they [the hackers] used this access to take control of many highly-visible (including verified) accounts and Tweet on their behalf," the company said in a series of tweets. It added that "significant steps" were taken to limit access to such internal systems and tools while the company s investigation was ongoing. Meanwhile, Twitter chief executive Jack Dorsey tweeted: "Tough day for us at Twitter. We all feel terrible this happened." One cyber-security expert said that the breach could have been a lot worse in other circumstances. "If you were to have this kind of incident take place in the middle of a crisis, where Twitter was being used to either communicate de-escalatory language or critical information to the public, and suddenly it s putting out the wrong messages from several verified status accounts - that could be seriously destabilising," Dr Alexi Drew from King s College London told the BBC. Emergency response Twitter earlier had to take the extraordinary step of stopping many verified accounts marked with blue ticks from tweeting altogether. Password reset requests were also being denied and some other "account functions" disabled. By 20:30 EDT (00:30 GMT Thursday) users with verified account started to be able to send tweets again, but Twitter said it was still working on a fix. Image Copyright @jack@JACK Report Dmitri Alperovitch, who co-founded cyber-security company CrowdStrike, told Reuters news agency: "This appears to be the worst hack of a major social media platform yet." On the official account of Mr Musk, the Tesla and SpaceX chief appeared to offer to double any Bitcoin payment sent to the address of his digital wallet "for the next 30 minutes". "I m feeling generous because of Covid-19," the tweet added, along with a Bitcoin link address. The tweets were deleted just minutes after they were first posted. But as the first such tweet from Musk s account was removed, another one appeared, then a third. Others targeted included: the rapper Kanye West reality TV star Kim Kardashian West former US President Obama former US Vice-President Joe Biden, who is the current Democratic presidential candidate media billionaire Mike Bloomberg the ride-sharing app Uber the iPhone-maker Apple The Biden campaign said Twitter had "locked down the account within a few minutes of the breach and removed the related tweet". A spokesman for Bill Gates told AP news agency: "This appears to be part of a larger issue that Twitter is facing." Instagram message The BBC can report from a security source that a web address - cryptoforhealth.com - to which some hacked tweets directed users was registered by a cyber-attacker using the email address mkeyworth5@gmail.com. The name "Anthony Elias" was used to register the website, but may be a pseudonym - it appears to be a play on "an alias". Cryptoforhealth is also a registered user name on Instagram, apparently set up contemporaneously to the hack. What is Bitcoin? How do crypto-currencies work? The description of the profile read "It was us", alongside a slightly smiling face emoticon. The Instagram profile also posted a message that said: "It was a charity attack. Your money will find its way to the right place." In any case, the real identities of the perpetrators are as yet unknown. These "double your Bitcoin" scams have been a persistent pest on Twitter for years but this is unprecedented with the actual accounts of public figures hijacked and on a large scale. The fact that so many different users have been compromised at the same time implies that this is a problem with Twitter s platform itself. Early suggestions are that someone has managed to get hold of some sort of administration privileges and bypassed the passwords of pretty much any account they want. With so much power at their fingertips the attackers could have done a lot more damage with more sophisticated tweets that could have harmed an individual or organisation s reputation. But the motive seems to be clear - make as much money as quickly as they can. The hackers would have known that the tweets wouldn t stay up for long so this was the equivalent of a "smash and grab" operation. There are conflicting accounts of how much money the hackers have made and even when a figure is settled upon, it s important to remember that cyber-criminals are known to add their own funds into their Bitcoin wallets to make the scam seem more legitimate. Either way, it s going to be very hard to catch the criminals by following the money. Law enforcement, as well as many angry users, will have some strong questions for Twitter about how this could have happened. Cameron Winklevoss, who was declared the world s first Bitcoin billionaire in 2017 along with his twin brother Tyler, tweeted a message on Wednesday warning people not to participate in the "scam". In the short time it was online, the link displayed in the tweets of targeted accounts received hundreds of contributions totalling more than $100,000 (£80,000), according to publicly available blockchain records. The Twitter accounts targeted have millions of followers Last year, Twitter chief executive Jack Dorsey s account was hacked, but the company said it had fixed the flaw that left his account vulnerable. Dr Drew recently co-authored a paper warning about the potential of Twitter being used to sow disinformation. She said the latest incident highlighted the need for all major social media platforms to check their security measures, particularly in the run up to the US Presidential vote. "Social media companies such as Twitter and, Facebook all have a duty to consider the damage and influence their platforms can have on the 2020 election, and I think some companies are taking that more seriously than others," she told the BBC. "Twitter actually has a good history of being forward-thinking and proactive in this space. "But whatever the source of this attack [it seems they have] still not done enough." The FBI s San Francisco field office put out a statement on Wednesday about the latest cyber-breach. "The accounts appear to have been compromised in order to perpetuate cryptocurrency fraud," it said. "We advise the public not to fall victim to this scam by sending cryptocurrency or money in relation to this incident."

Amazon has warned its wireless earphones may be at risk of overheating and is urging customers to update their software, to make them safe. Customers were sent an email on Wednesday, saying in “very rare cases” Echo Buds could overheat in their charging case. Amazon said it had released a software update to fix the issue "out of an abundance of caution". “The safety of our customers is our top priority,” it said. Amazon would not say if this meant the earphones could catch fire or explode, but did disclose that its investigation had been prompted by a concerned customer getting in touch. Amazon said owners would automatically receive the update when the Echo Buds were connected via Bluetooth to a mobile phone and the Alexa app. It also said if the Echo Buds were a gift, the customer should alert the recipient immediately. The earbuds are still for sale on the Amazon site but labelled as "out of stock" until late August. Scorching-hot hacked computer burned my hand Washing machine danger revealed as recall launched The details of the email were shared by Daniel Bader, managing editor at the Android Central technology blog. “We are writing to inform you about an important software update for your Echo Buds,” the email said. “We recently determined that in very rare cases it is possible for Echo Buds to overheat while in the charging case." The email also said the same software update "improves the long-term performance of Echo Buds batteries". Many brands of wireless earbuds have their own battery inside the case, which automatically charges the earbuds when they are placed inside. Battery heat is often given out by devices while charging but usually stays within strict safety limits. Amazon did not say if the heat problem was caused by overcharging or any other specific issue within the battery case.

The United Kingdom has banned Huawei from its 5G telecom network, reversing a January decision to allow the embattled Chinese tech company a limited role in building the country s super-fast wireless infrastructure. Operators such as BT (BTGOF) and Vodafone (VOD) have been given until 2027 to remove existing Huawei equipment from their 5G networks, the UK government announced on Tuesday. Digital and Culture Minister Oliver Dowden said new US sanctions imposed on the company in May had "significantly changed" the landscape. "Given the uncertainty this creates around Huawei s supply chain, the UK can no longer be confident it will be able to guarantee the security of future Huawei 5G equipment," Dowden said. The decision is a big win for the Trump administration, which has been pushing allies to exclude Huawei from their 5G networks, arguing that the Chinese company is a threat to national security. US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo declared last month that "the tide is turning against Huawei as citizens around the world are waking up to the danger of the Chinese Communist Party s surveillance state." But it risks a backlash from China as Britain looks for new trading opportunities around the world after Brexit, and will delay the rollout of 5G across the country by at least a year, Dowden said. The US campaign against Huawei was having mixed success until the new sanctions in May further reduced the company s ability to manufacture and obtain semiconductor chips using American-made technology. That triggered another UK security review of the company s involvement in the British network, leading to Tuesday s decision by the National Security Council to order the phased removal of its technology. The decision is a huge blow for Huawei, which has operated in Britain for 20 years. Europe is a key market for the company, accounting for 24% of sales last year. Huawei on Monday announced half year results earlier than usual, reporting slower revenue growth. The company is already experiencing a decline in smartphone sales, after Washington blocked it from accessing popular Google apps. The phones became a lot less attractive in markets outside of China as a result. Huawei said it was confident that the recent US sanctions would not have affected "the resilience or security" of its products and described the UK announcement as disappointing. "It threatens to move Britain into the digital slow lane, push up bills and deepen the digital divide," said Ed Brewster, a spokesperson for Huawei UK. "Regrettably our future in the UK has become politicized, this is about US trade policy and not security." The US sanctions restrict companies like TSMC (TSM), a Taiwan-based firm, from exporting computer chipsets and other key components to Huawei. Without them, Huawei can t build 5G base stations and other equipment. "Based on the current direct export rule that the US put on, I really think that Huawei s 5G equipment business is in grave danger," Jefferies analyst Edison Lee said last month. UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson had faced mounting pressure from lawmakers within his own party, along with the Trump administration, which argues that the Chinese government could use Huawei for spying and even sabotage. Washington had warned that US-UK intelligence sharing and military collaboration could be put at risk if Britain went ahead with its plan. Under Chinese law, Chinese companies can be ordered to act under the direction of Beijing. Huawei has consistently denied that it would help the Chinese government to spy, and says it is "100% owned by employees." Speaking early Tuesday before the UK announcement, China s Foreign Ministry repeated a previous warning by its ambassador that the decision would have consequences for the wider relationship between the two countries. "Whether the UK can provide an open, fair and non-discriminatory business environment for Chinese companies ... is a litmus test for British markets after Brexit, and it is also an indicator for China s investment in the UK," foreign ministry spokesperson Zhao Lijian said. Ban will cause delays and cost billions Huawei had lobbied hard to persuade the UK government it was a trustworthy partner, launching an advertising campaign last month emphasizing its history of investment and job creation in the country. This month, it announced that it had received approval to build a sprawling $1.25 billion research facility in Cambridge. Huawei is already an integral part of Britain s existing 4G infrastructure, and telecom operators will not be required to swap out the company s equipment in those networks. The Chinese company s European rivals said they were ready to fill the 5G void left by Huawei. Nokia (NOK) said in a statement that it has the "capacity and expertise to replace all of the Huawei equipment in the UK s networks at scale and speed." Arun Bansal, Europe and Latin America president for Ericsson (ERIC), said in a statement that the Swedish company "has the technology, experience and supply chain capacity," to help the United Kingdom reach its 5G goals. Nonetheless, the UK will pay a hefty price for kicking out Huawei. The government said Tuesday that the cumulative delay to 5G networks from the ban on new Huawei equipment and replacing its existing technology would be two or three years, at a total cost of as much as £2.5 billion ($3.1 billion). That means British consumers and businesses will have to wait longer, and possibly pay more, for the services that the extra bandwidth can support, such as self-driving cars and advanced manufacturing and healthcare applications. "Obviously we are disappointed because this decision — as the government has highlighted today — will add delay to the roll out of 5G in the UK and will result in additional costs for the industry," a Vodafone spokesperson said. BT CEO Philip Jansen said his company would be able to make the required changes without a significant impact on its timetable for 5G rollout. The implementation costs would be no higher than the £500 million ($627 million) BT estimated in January it would cost to comply with the previous UK decision to limit Huawei s role.

The coronavirus pandemic will get "worse and worse" if governments fail to take more decisive action, the World Health Organization (WHO) has warned. Director general Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said "too many countries [were] headed in the wrong direction". Cases were rising where proven measures were not adopted or followed, he added. The Americas are the current epicentre of the pandemic. The US has seen a rise in cases amid tensions between health experts and President Donald Trump. The US, the worst affected country, has over 3.3 million confirmed cases and more than 135,000 deaths, according to Johns Hopkins University. What has the WHO said? At a briefing in Geneva on Monday, Dr Tedros said "mixed messages from leaders" were undermining public trust in attempts to bring the pandemic under control. "The virus remains public enemy number one, but the actions of many governments and people do not reflect this," he said. Dr Tedros said measures such as social distancing, hand washing, and wearing masks in appropriate situations needed to be taken seriously, warning that there would be "no return to the old normal for the foreseeable future". "If the basics aren t followed, there is only one way this pandemic is going to go," Dr Tedros said, adding: "It s going to get worse and worse and worse." Who should wear a face mask or face covering? Where are the world s Covid-19 hotspots? Dr Mike Ryan, the WHO s emergencies director, said the easing of some lockdown measures in the Americas and the opening up of some areas had led to "intense transmission". Latin America has confirmed more than 145,000 coronavirus-related deaths, though the number is believed to be higher because of insufficient testing. Half of the deaths were in Brazil, where President Jair Bolsonaro has opposed strict measures to curb the spread of the virus. Dr Ryan said closing down large regions would have huge economic consequences, but that local lockdowns in specific places might be necessary to mitigate the spread of the virus. He urged governments to implement clear and "strong" strategies, adding: "Citizens have to understand, and it has to be easy for them to comply." What about a vaccine, or immunity? "We need to learn to live with this virus," Dr Ryan said, warning that expectations that the virus could be eradicated, or that an effective vaccine could be ready, within month were "unrealistic". He said it was not yet known whether recovering from the coronavirus would lead to immunity, or, if it did, how long that immunity would last. A separate study released on Monday by scientists at King s College London suggested that immunity to the virus may be short-lived. Scientists at the college studied 96 people to understand how the body naturally fights off the virus by making antibodies, and how long these last in the weeks and months after recovery. However, while almost all of those who participated had detectable antibodies that could neutralise and stop coronavirus, levels began to wane over the three months of the study. At the WHO briefing, health experts also said there was evidence to suggest that children under the age of 10 were only very mildly affected by Covid-19, while those over 10 seemed to suffer similar mild symptoms to young adults. To what extent children can transmit the virus, while it appears to be low, remains unknown.

Eye-tracking technology has helped people with medical conditions like autism, traumatic brain injuries and ALS, or amyotropic lateral sclerosis, communicate with others. Swedish start-up Tobii Technology, a global leader in the transformative field of eye tracking, offers those kinds of devices not just for medical use but also for gamers, who utilize the technology to detect where they are looking while playing fast-paced games like "Fortnite" and "League of Legends." In June, Tobii released the Tobii Eye Tracker 5, which costs $229 and has improved recalibration. It uses an algorithm for tracking the eye s patterns with a camera, enabling the software to pinpoint the direction of a subject s gaze, and over time, patterns of behavior. It can track players eyes and the direction of their heads, helping them determine where their blind spots are. "If we lose your gaze, then we are much, much faster in finding your eyes again," which helps with games such as "Counter-Strike: Global Offensive" and others, Martin Lindgren, head of gaming at Tobii, told CNN Business. The company reported revenue of $163 million in 2019, up 9% from the previous year, after currency adjustments. To set up the Tobii Eye Tracker 5, the device, which includes a series of sensors and two cameras, must be either magnetically attached or mounted onto a monitor with its USB cable plugged in. It will register your gaze by asking you to stare at specific points on the screen. I was able to give the technology a try. I wanted to improve my gaming skills, and I knew my slow eye movements were hindering that effort. I ran into some initial setup issues. The adhesive and the magnetic strip on the tracker were not strong enough so it kept falling off my monitor. Once I finally got started, I tested out Tobii s first feature aimed at helping people improve their gaming skills, its integration with Mobalytics, a gamer training app for "League of Legends." Mobalytics uses the data fed from Tobii s eye tracker to determine if the user (in this case, me) stares too long at the same spot on a screen, whether I m aware of my surroundings and what enemies may be lurking and how much information I can absorb. Just connecting an eye tracker to a game is enough to improve my gameplay, I found, even by a small margin. When you gaze at the screen with the eye tracker, a bubble representing your focal point floats across the screen. That bubble was distracting at first, but I grew accustomed to it, as it flit around the screen and reminded me to keep my eyes peeled for action, encouraging me to play better. A few snafus aside, Tobii s eye tracker did its job. I won more games and my character died less often. Eye-tracking in esports Professional esports players already use eye-tracking technology, taking the raw data and interpreting it to create more effective strategies at trying to win tournaments. Their eye data is on a whole other level. Lindgren said that esports athletes are at the same performance level as traditional sports athletes, if judged by how quickly their eyes move. "The fastest guys in sports are ice hockey goalies. They have incredibly fast reaction times because they re getting pucks shot at them at very fast speeds. So it s them and the [pitchers] in baseball," said Lindgren. "When we measure esports athletes, they have been just as fast, or in some cases, faster, with their eyes." Tobii has already been used in competitive play with games such as "Counterstrike" and "PlayerUnknown s Battlegrounds," but it s still adding more titles for both pro and casual play. "Watchdogs: Legion," coming from Ubisoft later this year, is another title that will support Tobii s eye tracking. "We ve only really scratched the surface of the possibilities, even though we ve done this a few years now," said Lindgren. "But there s lots of stuff that we can do better."

The short-form video app TikTok has quickly become a key part of popular culture in the US, serving as a platform for viral memes as well as political satire and activism. Facebook, the dominant force in social media, has tried to copy the app, but so far that has not slowed down its rapid rise. But now TikTok faces the most direct threat to its expansion in the US -- not from a competitor, but from the US government. President Donald Trump said Tuesday his administration is "looking at" banning the app, which is owned by the Chinese company ByteDance, affirming remarks on Monday by Secretary of State Mike Pompeo. It s just the latest, and most high-profile, example of Washington raising alarms about the app that s popular among younger users in the US, where TikTok has been downloaded 165 million times. Other prominent critics have previously highlighted TikTok as a potential spying threat. Last year, Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer and Arkansas Republican Sen. Tom Cotton called for the intelligence community to assess the risk TikTok may pose to national security. TikTok has pushed back on those claims, calling them "unfounded." To underscore its independence from China, TikTok has cited its recently hired American CEO, and said it has "never provided user data to the Chinese government, nor would we do so if asked." The US is not alone in seeking to clamp down on TikTok. India said this week it would ban TikTok and other Chinese apps after a bloody border clash between Indian and Chinese soldiers.Although leaders like Pompeo have described TikTok as a clear and present danger, many in the cybersecurity community say the reality is more complex. While TikTok could become a clear threat to US security under certain scenarios, they say, the danger is currently largely hypothetical or indirect. Some analysts also say the matter is complicated by Trump s aggressive approach to China overall — arguing the situation is a reflection of the administration s political priorities. Experts have raised similar concerns about Trump s approach to Huawei, the Chinese tech giant, saying Trump has inappropriately conflated national security with trade negotiations. "The Trump administration has taken almost like a whack-a-mole approach to dealing with these issues, because it seems that as soon as a Chinese company is in the news, all of a sudden that becomes the new target," said Justin Sherman, a fellow with the Cyber Statecraft Initiative at the Atlantic Council. "It seems very unlikely that there is thinking going on about the longer term strategy, and much more likely that the focus instead is on this politically motivated attack on an application because it s a Chinese-owned app, even if there are real security questions." The China question To understand why policymakers view TikTok as a risk, it helps to know how the company works. TikTok is owned by the world s most valuable startup, a Chinese company named ByteDance. But TikTok does not operate in China and functions as an independent subsidiary. Policymakers chief worry is that ByteDance could be forced to hand over TikTok s data on US users to the Chinese government, under the country s national security laws. TikTok has said it stores American user data on US-based servers that aren t subject to Chinese law; skeptics argue TikTok s parent, ByteDance, is ultimately a Chinese business that s still beholden to Beijing. But several security experts told CNN Business that, although TikTok s links to a private Chinese company are worthy of concern, the app simply wouldn t be that useful for espionage. "It s right to be suspicious of the Chinese," said James Lewis, senior vice president at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, a security think tank. "But I m not sure TikTok is a good intelligence tool for them." Like some other social media apps and technology companies, TikTok automatically gathers users geolocation information, IP addresses, unique device identifiers and the content of in-app messages, according to its privacy policy. That is a lot of data, but far more sensitive information -- and potentially more damaging to national security -- was exposed by data breaches affecting the Office of Personnel Management, announced in 2015, and Equifax, disclosed in 2017, according to Lewis. Even if TikTok collected enough of the right kind of data from the right people to pose a unique threat, it is not guaranteed the Chinese government would be able to access it easily. China s national security laws contain more gray areas than many realize, according to Samm Sacks, a senior fellow at Yale Law School who has studied the Chinese laws. Chinese companies have successfully resisted or thrown up roadblocks to Beijing s demands for data in the past, Sacks told lawmakers at a Senate hearing in March. "The Chinese government does not necessarily have unfettered real-time access to all companies data," Sacks said in her testimony. "Chinese corporate actors are not synonymous with the Chinese government or the Chinese Communist Party, and have their own commercial interests to protect." Concerning security flaws An alarming technical report about TikTok this year has only added to the concerns about its security, though experts say there is an important distinction between identifying individual security gaps and labeling something a threat to national security. In January, a team of security researchers announced they had found several vulnerabilities in TikTok. The flaws, if left unpatched, could have let attackers gain control of TikTok accounts, change the privacy settings on TikTok videos, upload videos without permission, and obtain user data such as email addresses.The discovery raised important questions about TikTok s ability to safeguard user privacy. But company engineers appeared to operate in good faith, according to Oded Vanunu, a security specialist at Check Point Research, who led the group of researchers that announced the findings. TikTok, he said, seemed motivated to fix the flaws. "They were concerned about the optics of it, and their PR people, there was some friction there," said Vanunu. "But from our perspective they were very happy to get this kind of information and were happy to cooperate." Asked whether the vulnerabilities he found might lend credence to claims TikTok cannot be trusted, Vanunu said security flaws are something that all software companies grapple with, even large ones. The difference, he said, is that TikTok is a relatively young and inexperienced company. "TikTok is committed to protecting user data," TikTok said in a statement at the time of the disclosure. "Like many organizations, we encourage responsible security researchers to privately disclose zero day vulnerabilities to us." The bigger concern with TikTok Even as technical experts describe TikTok s espionage risk in mostly theoretical terms, policymakers argue TikTok could still threaten US interests in softer ways — by influencing the global conversation on its platform. And in this respect, some experts warn, the danger is already being felt. TikTok has faced mounting criticism, for example, over its handling of content that s critical of the Chinese government. Last year The Guardian reported on leaked documents that it said instructed moderators to clamp down on critiques of socialism and Tiananmen Square. ByteDance told The Guardian at the time that those guidelines were outdated. In November, allegations of politically motivated censorship increased when several former US employees of TikTok told The Washington Post they often felt pressured to clamp down on videos that their colleagues in Beijing found subversive, prompting Schumer and Cotton to express concerns in their letter to intelligence officials. TikTok has said that its content and moderation policies are developed by a team of American employees and that the policies are not influenced by any foreign government. TikTok s investors include large international names such as Sequoia Capital and Softbank, and in May, the company hired Kevin Mayer, a former Disney executive, as its CEO.In addition to restricting some speech, TikTok could become a major platform for misleading speech, policymakers and security experts fear. Reports have already found Pizzagate conspiracy theorists on the platform and users spreading false claims about the coronavirus. And if TikTok were to suffer a data breach, said Vanunu, it might be that much easier to target users with bogus information that could undercut American democracy. So TikTok s handling of content and user data could plausibly weaken US power and influence, experts say, but more abstractly than directly spying on government officials or monitoring troop movements. That says more about the US s lack of policies regulating data, privacy and platforms than it does about TikTok, many of them said. "I think people are blending a lot of different values here related to human rights, privacy, censorship — and it s at risk of getting bundled into a security argument," said Karl Grindal, a cybersecurity expert at Georgia Tech.

When Butterfly Network first began rolling out its handheld ultrasound scanners in 2018, much of the focus was on providing tools to parts of Africa and Latin America, where access to large and more traditional ultrasound machines was far more restricted. But two years later, a technology that was positioned to help the developing world may find a new use in the United States as hospitals adapt to the new challenges of the coronavirus pandemic. Getting an ultrasound examination can be a long process that usually entails a visit to the hospital and the use of equipment worth tens of thousands of dollars. And while ultrasounds can help in the treatment of the coronavirus by scanning a patient s lungs, getting patients to an exam room risks exposing others to the virus and further straining an already overstressed healthcare system. That s where Butterfly Network s device and others like it could help. The Butterfly iQ consists of a handheld probe similar to the one attached to traditional ultrasound machines, but instead is attached to a cable that connects to a smartphone or tablet through its charging port. Doctors can then view the images on the screen through Butterfly s app. "I don t need to transport that patient to another area of the hospital for additional imaging and exposure to additional staff and potentially patients along the way," said Mike Stone, a Portland-based emergency physician and Butterfly Network s director of education. "The fact that I can bring a handheld ultrasound system that plugs into a phone into a room, do the exam I need, get the information I need, walk out and disinfect a phone and a probe — compared to wheeling in a cart with three different probes on it, doing that same exam, getting that same information ... it s really night and day," he added. The Butterfly iQ is one of several products trying to streamline the process. Companies such as GE and Philips, as well as some smaller firms, are also building tools that allow doctors to carry ultrasound devices in their pockets. While there may be limitations and some tradeoffs in quality, some doctors believe the benefits are clear. "The image quality may not be great, but the image quality is there, it can communicate the message that I m trying to see," said Jagat Narula, director of the cardiovascular imaging program at New York s Mount Sinai hospital system. "And if I m going to do a point of care ultrasound on the bedside of a patient, it would give me almost everything that I require." Narula is not affiliated with Butterfly Network and has only done a brief demo of the Buttefly iQ, though he said he regularly uses similar products from Philips and GE. The coronavirus has opened up a new front in the technology s use, allowing doctors to conduct lung scans much faster and with minimal exposure to the virus. Butterfly Network has previously attracted high-profile investors including financial services firm Fidelity and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which took part in a $250 million fundraising round in 2018 that valued the company at $1.25 billion. Butterfly says its handheld devices are used by thousands of hospitals around the world, and earlier this year it signed a deal with North Carolina-based hospital network Atrium Health to deploy them at dozens of hospitals in the US.It s another example of hospitals turning to newer technologies as they deal with the coronavirus, from virtual reality training for doctors to two-way video calling devices for providers to check in with patients and even drones to deliver personal protective equipment. Portable ultrasound treatment, despite some limitations on the kinds of tests it can do, is "relatively inexpensive, lightweight, and portable [and] compares favorably to the physical exam," according to an analysis last year published by the American College of Cardiology. Handheld devices also cost much less than traditional ultrasound machines. The ones sold by Butterfly, GE and Philips range in price from around $2,000 to $5,000, whereas traditional devices can cost tens or even hundreds of thousands of dollars, according to Narula. There are some limitations to the kind of functions the smaller devices can perform. The Butterfly iQ is currently equipped for 19 different types of scans and tests, which don t include some of the more complex tests a traditional ultrasound machine can do. A "major" limitation, according to Narula and the ACC analysis, is the inability to perform the spectral Doppler test used to identify some more acute heart conditions. Stone says Butterfly Network does not aim to replace traditional ultrasound machines altogether. "We re not trying to make the Butterfly iQ compare with a $200,000 ultrasound system," Stone said. He also stressed that the device is not capable of diagnosing the coronavirus on its own — patients would still need a nasal swab test for that. What ultrasound can do is identify signs of stress in the lungs that can ensure more targeted and faster treatment.Despite their limitations, handheld ultrasound machines can be an effective substitute for many common scans, ensuring that larger machines can be used to treat only the most critical cases, Narula says. He estimates that handheld machines can help rule out the need for 70% of patients to get a test done in the lab. "So I ll be able to optimize my testing," he said. While the pandemic may help with wider adoption of the devices, Stone says the technology s applications both precede coronavirus and will continue after the pandemic is over. "You can scan close to the entire body," he said. "We were using lung sonography to look at patients with shortness of breath and chest pain far before Covid and we ll be using it to look at them long after Covid has hopefully been handled."

China s largest semiconductor maker could raise as much as $7.5 billion this year by listing its stock in Shanghai — a move that could deliver the Chinese mainland its largest share sale in a decade, and reduce the country s reliance on foreign chips. Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation (SMIC), which already trades in Hong Kong, said in a stock exchange filing last week that it wants to raise at least $6.6 billion. The bigger number would be hit if the company exercises an "over-allotment option" and issues additional shares in response to strong demand from investors. A $7.5 billion raise would make SMIC s offering the world s third biggest share sale this year, according to Dealogic. It would also be China s biggest offering on the mainland since Agricultural Bank (ACGBF) went public in 2010, according to data provider Refinitiv.The company is the largest chipmaker in China, pulling in 22 billion yuan ($3.1 billion) in revenue in 2019. SMIC was the fourth largest standalone chipmaker in the world in terms of sales in 2018, behind Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. (TSM), GlobalFoundries and United Microelectronics Corporation, according to IC Insights. But ranked among all semiconductor suppliers — including huge players like Intel (INTC) and Samsung (SSNLF) — the Chinese firm isn t even among the world s top 10. SMIC, whose major shareholders are state-owned companies, said in its prospectus that it wants to use the money to invest in technology and catch up with its global competitors. A listing in Shanghai suggests that SMIC thinks it can best grow by relying on Chinese investors. The company used to trade on the New York Stock Exchange, but delisted a little over a year ago, citing low trading volume. And in the weeks since it announced plans to list in mainland China, it has raised more than $2 billion from state-backed development funds. SMIC hasn t yet said when it will start trading, but it plans to list shares on China s Star Market — a Nasdaq-style stock market that launched a year ago. A persistent gap Much of China s supply of chipsets comes from foreign companies, which power everything from Chinese smartphones and computers to telecommunications gear. Last year the country imported $306 billion worth of chips, or 15% of the value of the country s total imports, according to government statistics. Beijing has pledged to improve its chipmaking technology and match the industry s most advanced leaders by 2030. Through its Made in China 2025 initiative, the country is trying to compete with the United States in developing the technologies of the future.Analysts say that SMIC still has a long way to go to be a global competitor, though. "SMIC currently lags behind TSMC in technology by about five years, and we believe the gap will persist over the next five years," Citi analysts wrote in a research report last month. TSMC and Samsung, for example, have the ability to produce tiny chipsets that can pack more technology into a smaller space, analysts from Jefferies wrote in a recent research note. In its prospectus, SMIC admitted that it has to narrow the gap with global leaders, adding that it has to spend more on research and development to do so. Huawei sanction risks The Chinese chipmaker also faces risks as US-China tensions escalate, spilling over into everything from national security and trade to technology. SMIC uses American-made software and equipment to create its chips, which it then supplies to other companies — including embattled Chinese tech firm Huawei. But in May, the US Commerce Department announced a rule restricting companies from exporting computer chipsets and other key components to Huawei if those firms use American equipment to make them."SMIC will definitely be required by the new US rule to obtain an export license from the US before being able to make any ... chipsets for Huawei," according to the Jefferies analysts. "It would, in our view, be unimaginable for SMIC not to comply with the new rule as it would risk being cut off from further supplies of US semi equipment and access to US software." The chipmaker warned in its prospectus that the US tech restrictions could create obstacles preventing it from providing products and services to its clients, though it did not mention any names. Trade frictions and diplomatic disputes between China and other countries could also affect the company s overseas supply of raw materials and equipment, SMIC added.

Egypt s Ministry of Health announced Saturday that it has begun following up on a national project to manufacture plasma derivatives, with the participation of the Arab Company for Drug Industries and Medical Appliances (ACDIMA) as a major shareholder alongside a Korean company, and the National Investment Bank. The announcement came during a meeting presided over by Health Minister Hala Zayed and Minister of Finance Mohamed Maait for the general assembly of the ACDIMA. Zayed discussed the assembly s work, the approval of the budget and the company s business lists, and approved her contribution to the project for collecting and manufacturing plasma derivatives. The ACDIMA is one of the country s strongest arms in meeting the drug market s needs for oncology and infant formula, and ensuring the availability of insulin is at 100 percent, she said. And on Sunday, Prime Minister Mostafa Madbouly held a meeting to follow up the latest developments in plasma derivative manufacturing, in the presence of the Minister of Health and the Minister of Planning and Economic Development. President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi has been closely following this project, Mabouly said, and explained that Egypt s Sovereign Wealth Fund will enter as a partner in this promising industry with a plot of land set aside to establish a factory. Egypt said in April that it has begun a trial using plasma taken from recovered coronavirus patients to treat severe cases. Plasma in the blood of recovered cases can contain antibodies. Egypt s therapy trial for injecting coronavirus patients with plasma taken from recovered cases has been a success, the Ministry of Health and Population announced in June. The trial therapy came as part of state efforts to help find a cure for the coronavirus disease. The plasma treatment was used on several critical cases in hospitals belonging under the Health Ministry. It showed promising initial results via a good recovery rate for patients, reducing the need for ventilators while increasing rates of recovery and hospital discharge. The Health Ministry implored those recovering from the coronavirus to go to the nearest blood transfusion center affiliated to the National Blood Transfusion Services of the Ministry of Health and Population 14 days after their recovery to donate their plasma.

is under a lot of pressure. Fresh US sanctions have cut off the Chinese tech company s access to vital American technology to a greater extent than ever before. Countries and mobile network operators around the world are now questioning whether Huawei will be able to deliver on its 5G promises. And rising anti-China sentiment in India and elsewhere is not helping matters. US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo declared last month that "the tide is turning against Huawei as citizens around the world are waking up to the danger of the Chinese Communist Party s surveillance state." Those remarks were "a bit pre-emptive," said Carisa Nietsche, a researcher at the Center for a New American Security, a Washington think tank.Pompeo lauded countries such as the Czech Republic, Poland and Estonia for "only allowing trusted vendors in their 5G networks." But Nietsche noted that many of those countries made up their minds last year, when they signaled they wouldn t work with Huawei. And European countries with much bigger economies, such as the United Kingdom, France and Germany, have yet to announce a total ban on Huawei. But there is "the beginning of a sea change in Europe," Nietsche said. European countries and mobile carriers are now worried that Huawei won t be able to provide 5G infrastructure as promised given the "massive hit to their business" from the new US export controls, she said. Huawei s 5G business in grave danger Huawei has been here before. Last year, the US government barred American firms from selling tech and supplies to the Shenzhen-based company without first obtaining a license to do so. Huawei stockpiled inventory and found alternative suppliers, and as a result, continued doing brisk business despite the US ban. The company s overseas smartphone sales took a hit, though, because it was forced to release new models that weren t able to access to popular Google apps. Even after reporting a strong finish to 2019, however, Huawei warned that 2020 would be "difficult." That would prove to be all too true.The latest US sanction announced in May cuts much deeper than last year s ban. It applies to any global firms using American equipment to make semiconductors. The new rule restricts companies like TSMC, a Taiwan-based firm, from exporting computer chipsets and other key components to Huawei. Without those chipsets, Huawei can t build 5G base stations and other equipment, according to analysts at brokerage firm Jefferies. "Based on the current direct export rule that the US put on, I really think that Huawei s 5G equipment business is in grave danger," Jefferies analyst Edison Lee said on a recent call with investors. "If the law doesn t change, and if the US-China tension does not de-escalate, then I think there s a big risk that Huawei will stop being able to provide 5G equipment" from early next year, he added. Asked for comment for this story, Huawei spokeswoman Evita Cao said "we continue to receive support from our customers," without going into further detail. The company said in May that it "categorically opposes" the latest US sanction, calling the new rule "discriminatory." "It will have a serious impact on a wide number of global industries" and damage "collaboration within the global semiconductor industry," Huawei said in a statement. "We expect that our business will inevitably be affected," it added. That may already be happening in the United Kingdom.On Saturday, the UK-based Telegraph newspaper reported that Prime Minister Boris Johnson is poised to begin phasing out Huawei 5G tech in Britain "as soon as this year," walking back a decision that granted Huawei a limited role in building that network. Earlier last week, Oliver Dowden, the country s digital and media secretary, said that the US sanctions will "likely have an impact on the viability of Huawei as a provider for the 5G network." "I am not a Sinophobe, I won t be drawn into Sinophobia," Johnson said on Tuesday. But "I do want to see our critical national infrastructure properly protected from hostile state vendors, so we need to strike that balance." Huawei said earlier this year that it has secured 91 commercial 5G contracts, more than half (47) are in Europe, 27 are in Asia and 17 are elsewhere in the world. China tensions The United States has long viewed Huawei warily, suspicious of how closely the company is tied to the Chinese Communist Party. The company maintains that it is a private firm owned by thousands of its employees. Critics also say Beijing could force Huawei to spy on other nations. Huawei says that has never happened and if it did, the company would refuse such orders. Yet even as it claims independence from Beijing, Huawei has been caught up in sparring between China and the United States, and to an increasing degree, the European Union and countries such as India that are growing more wary of China.The coronavirus pandemic has only strained relations further. Some countries, such as the United States, have blamed China for the outbreak, and others have been put off by what they see as Beijing s aggressive response to criticism. There was a moment during the pandemic "where China was able to assert itself on the global stage as a leader, and I think they fumbled that," especially in Europe, after China sent masks and respirators of dubious quality to countries experiencing outbreaks, said Nietsche. EU countries are concerned about their lopsided trade and investment relationship with China, and they have taken steps in recent months to prevent subsidized Chinese companies taking over the bloc s industrial champions or winning public contracts. Beijing s repression of the Uyghur ethnic minority in the northwest province of Xinjiang is another major area of concern. There are now "excellent signals" coming from Germany and the United Kingdom "that they will move to exclude or at least will take Huawei out of the core [5G] network," said Nietsche. Germany, for instance, is scrutinizing Huawei s data flows to see if the company is breaching European laws, she said. India, meanwhile, had been going back and forth over whether to include Huawei equipment in the country s 5G network, said Chaitanya Giri, an analyst with Indian foreign policy think tank Gateway House. Huawei received the green light to participate in 5G trials late last year.But tensions between New Delhi and Beijing have risen dramatically in recent weeks after at least 20 Indian soldiers were killed in border clashes with Chinese troops stationed in the Himalayas. China has also been singled out in India for blame over the coronavirus pandemic, according to Giri. Some Indians have been calling for a boycott of Chinese goods. And in a move widely seen as retaliation against China, the Indian government last week banned TikTok and several other Chinese apps, saying they pose a "threat to sovereignty and integrity." Huawei may now get caught up in the escalating tensions, according to Giri. Public sentiment has now "consolidated, that we are not going to use any of the Chinese equipment," he said. What Europe and India share, according to Giri, is a growing sense of unease following years of substantial investment by China. "Big democracies right now are singing in a chorus," he said. "They understand what s at stake."

Tesla sales and production were hurt by the Covid-19 pandemic and lockdowns. But not as much as some other automakers. The electric car company reported Thursday it delivered 90,650 cars to customers during the quarter. That s down 5% from a year ago, but far less than the drops of 30% or more reported by other automakers on Wednesday. Tesla s second-quarter sales were up a bit from the 88,400 cars it delivered in the first quarter. Production was down, though, falling 20% from the first quarter, as Tesla s factory in Fremont, California, was shut for a couple of months. CEO Elon Musk strongly objected to the orders to remain closed, calling stay-at-home orders "fascist" in a call with investors in late April. Tesla filed a lawsuit to get the factory open once again in mid-May. Content By BMW Exploration is a way to understand the unknown Zhang Zhoujie explains his process in creating art and design using digital design. The solid sales number was good news for those hoping that Tesla would be able to maintain its path of profitability despite the Covid-19 pandemic. Tesla s stock, which had been up 6% in premarket trading before the sales and production release, climbed even higher on the news.Shares have been on a run recently, making Tesla the most valuable automaker in the world, despite still having only a fraction of the sales of the established automakers. Shares are up 168% this year, through Wednesday s close.

Egypt has participated in 72 clinical studies on the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Africa, according to The Egyptian Academy of Scientific Research and Technology. The academy s June Scientific Research Index reported that research on coronavirus included 12 studies implemented by Ain Shams University, nine by Cairo University, nine by Assiut University, and seven by Tanta and Mansoura Universities. Twenty-six Egyptian institutions in total participated in the studies. The Research Index is a science and technology index issued by the Academy s Observatory for Science, Technology and Innovation. The Academy was established in February 2014 to promote the development of a knowledge-based economy, and to help decision makers set policies in the fields of science, technology, and innovation. The aim is to help Egypt face future challenges and to unify sources of data and technology in Egypt. The observatory has been identified as a primary source of information, scientific data, technology, and innovation for international organizations such as UNESCO and the Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation (OECD).

Egypt has participated in 72 clinical studies on the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Africa, according to The Egyptian Academy of Scientific Research and Technology. The academy’s June Scientific Research Index reported that research on coronavirus included 12 studies implemented by Ain Shams University, nine by Cairo University, nine by Assiut University, and seven by Tanta and Mansoura Universities. Twenty-six Egyptian institutions in total participated in the studies. The Research Index is a science and technology index issued by the Academy’s Observatory for Science, Technology and Innovation. The Academy was established in February 2014 to promote the development of a knowledge-based economy, and to help decision makers set policies in the fields of science, technology, and innovation. The aim is to help Egypt face future challenges and to unify sources of data and technology in Egypt. The observatory has been identified as a primary source of information, scientific data, technology, and innovation for international organizations such as UNESCO and the Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation (OECD).

Boycotts can be extremely effective - as Facebook is finding out. In the late 18th century, the abolitionist movement encouraged British people to stay away from goods produced by slaves. It worked. Around 300,000 stopped buying sugar - increasing the pressure to abolish slavery. The Stop Hate for Profit campaign is the latest movement to use boycott as a political tool. It claims that Facebook doesn t do enough to remove racist and hateful content from its platform. It s convinced a series of major companies to pull its advertising from Facebook - and some other social media companies - including Coca-Cola, Unilever and Starbucks. Loss of trust Can that boycott hurt Facebook? The short answer is yes - the vast majority of Facebook s revenue comes from ads. David Cumming from Aviva Investors told the BBC s Today programme that the loss of trust, and a perceived absence of a moral code, could "destroy the business". On Friday, Facebook s share price dropped by 8% - making chief executive Mark Zuckerberg, theoretically at least, £6bn poorer. But whether this could be bigger - an existential threat to Facebook s long-term future - is far less clear. First of all, this isn t the first boycott of a social media company. In 2017, major brand after major brand announced they would stop advertising on YouTube - after ads were placed next to racist and homophobic videos. That particular boycott is now almost totally forgotten. YouTube tweaked its ad policies, and three years on YouTube s parent company Google is doing just fine. And there are more reasons to believe this boycott isn t as damaging to Facebook as you might think. Lots of low spenders Firstly, many companies have only committed to a one-month boycott in July. Secondly, and perhaps more significantly, much of Facebook s advertising revenue comes from thousands and thousands of small- to medium-sized businesses. CNN reports that the highest-spending 100 brands accounted for $4.2bn in Facebook advertising last year - or about 6% of the platform s ad revenue. So far, the vast majority of medium-sized companies have not signed up. Mat Morrison, head of strategy at advertising agency Digital Whiskey, told me there s a huge number of smaller businesses that "can t afford not to advertise". He says that for smaller businesses - which are priced out of advertising on TV - cheaper and more focussed ads on platforms like Facebook are essential. "The only way our business works is having access to these highly targeted audiences, that aren t mass media audiences, so we ll continue to advertise" Morrison says. In some ways Facebook looks like a good choice of company to lobby. The structure of Facebook gives Mark Zuckerberg a huge amount of power to affect change. If he wants something, he ll get it. You only need to change the mind of one man. But the reverse is also true. Shareholders aren t able to put pressure on Mr Zuckerberg in the same way as other companies. If he doesn t want to act, he won t. So far though, he has shown signs he s prepared to move. On Friday, Facebook announced it would begin to tag hateful content - and look out for further announcements this week. These changes won t be enough to make Stop Hate for Profit go away though. And elsewhere others are taking action of their own. This Monday, Reddit has banned The_Donald forum as part of a wider crackdown on "subreddits" whose members have engaged in harassment and threatening behaviour. The community was not officially linked to the President, but had helped widely spread memes that supported him, before Reddit took earlier steps to limit the posts reach. In addition, Twitch has temporarily banned an account run by the Trump campaign. The Amazon-owned video-streaming site said two videos broadcast via the platform of Mr Trump s rallies had broken its rules on hateful conduct. One dated from 2015, before he was elected, at which he had said Mexico was sending rapists to the US. The other was from earlier this month, in which the President had described a fictional "tough hombre" breaking into the home of an American woman. "We do not make exceptions for political or newsworthy content," Twitch said in a statement. This year is going to be a rocky year for all social media companies. Facebook is by no means the exception. But companies will always be guided by their balance sheets. If the boycott drags on into the autumn - and if more and more companies sign up - this could be a defining year for the social network.

Astronomers say big cool patches on a "supergiant" star close to Earth were behind its surprise dimming last year. Red giant stars like Betelgeuse frequently undergo changes in brightness, but the drop to 40% of its normal value between October 2019 and April 2020 surprised astronomers. Researchers now say this was caused by gigantic cool areas similar to the sunspots seen on our own parent star. There had been speculation that Betelgeuse was about to go supernova. But the star instead began to recover and by May 2020 it was back at its original brightness. Betelgeuse, which is about 500 light-years from Earth, is reaching the end of its life. But it s not known precisely when it will explode; it could take as long as hundreds of thousands of years or even a million years. When the giant star does run out of fuel, however, it will first collapse and then rebound in a spectacular explosion. There is no risk to Earth, but Betelgeuse will brighten enormously for a few weeks or months. It should be visible in daylight and could be as bright as the Moon during night time. Because it takes about 500 years for the light to reach us, we would be viewing an event that had happened centuries in the past. Various scenarios have been put forward to explain the recent changes in the brightness of the star. Astronomers have previously considered that dust produced by the star was obscuring it, causing the steep decline in brightness. Red giants exhibit a behaviour known as pulsation, caused by changes in the area and temperature of the star s surface layers. Pulsations can eject the outer layers of the star with relative ease. The released gas cools down and develops into compounds that astronomers call dust. To test the dust idea, the astronomers used the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX) in Chile and the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) on Mauna Kea in Hawaii. These telescopes measure electromagnetic radiation in the submillimetre wave spectral range. The wavelength of this radiation is a thousand times greater than that of visible light. This part of the electromagnetic spectrum is particularly good for observing the distribution of cosmic dust. "What surprised us was that Betelgeuse turned 20% darker even in the submillimetre wave range," said co-author Steve Mairs from the East Asian Observatory in Taiwan, which operates the JCMT. The result isn t compatible with the presence of dust, say the researchers. Instead, the astronomers say, temperature variations in the photosphere - the luminous surface of the star - most likely caused the brightness to drop. "Corresponding high-resolution images of Betelgeuse from December 2019 show areas of varying brightness. Together with our result, this is a clear indication of huge star spots covering between 50% and 70% of the visible surface and having a lower temperature than the brighter photosphere," said co-author Peter Scicluna from the European Southern Observatory (Eso). "For comparison, a typical sunspot is the size of the Earth. The Betelgeuse star spot would be a hundred times larger than the Sun. The sudden fading of Betelgeuse does not mean it is going supernova. It is a supergiant star growing a super-sized star spot." said co-author Prof Albert Zijlstra from The University of Manchester, UK. Compared with our Sun, Betelgeuse is about 20 times more massive and roughly 1,000 times larger. If placed in the centre of the Solar System, it would almost reach the orbit of Jupiter.

Mobile network O2 has been sending some of its former customers refunds, 15 years after the end of their contracts. Several people posted on Twitter that they had received a letter and cheque from parent company Telefonica stating: "You ve got a refund." Some were suspicious that the letter was sent by cyber-fraudsters. But O2 confirmed that it had sent cheques to a group of people who were over-charged more than 10 years ago - with interest. "We identified a billing issue which meant some customers were charged twice on their final bill before leaving O2. We have been contacting those affected to apologise and send their refund," the company said in a statement. One customer said they had been offered a refund of £127, while another was sent a cheque for about £2. In the attached letter, Telefonica said the refund amounts included 4% interest. "We have a responsibility to do all we can to reimburse any customer for what s rightfully theirs, even if they ve since left the network and it s a low-value amount," the company said. O2 said it had identified a group customers it had over-charged at the beginning of the year, but had delayed sending out cheques until coronavirus lockdown measures had been eased. It told the BBC it was not a common issue. The company also said it had made efforts to trace former customers latest addresses, so that it could issue the 15-year-old refunds.

Egypt s Minister of Communications and Information Technology Amr Talaat announced on Tuesday that internet usage among citizens has increased due to the coronavirus. He explained that prior to the coronavirus pandemic peak internet usage was typically five hours from six pm until 11 pm, but has increased to over 15 hours per day now. “We are continuing to invest in the infrastructure of the internet,” Talaat said during a phone interview with the “Ala Massoulity” (By My Responsibility) TV show. Loads have increased twice recently, he said, and added that Egypt has 95 million mobile service subscribers. This change in internet patterns will also change the way citizens live, Talaat said, and credited the state project to develop Egypt s internet as the reason it has been possible for networks to accommodate this sudden shift. He noted that his ministry is providing electronic service packages online and is working to develop digitizing more internet government services before the coronavirus crisis ends. The National Telecom Regulatory Authority agreed with mobile phone operators back in March to promote the buying and selling of goods or services online amid the coronavirus outbreak through offers on e-transaction services on each company s web application, as well as through the use of e-payment services. Customers will receive 30 times the charged balance as free minutes or units when using e-payment options under the offer, which extends for one month, as part of the government s efforts to encourage Egyptians to stay at home as much as possible to contain the spread of COVID-19.

Some of Apple s latest changes to the iPhone experience will look very familiar to Android users. On Monday, Apple (AAPL) unveiled a long list of updates coming to its newest iPhone operating system, iOS 14, at its annual Worldwide Developers Conference, some of which borrowed from features previously introduced by other tech companies, including Slack (WORK), Facebook s WhatsApp and, of course, Android, which is owned by Google. As part of the changes in iOS 14, the iPhone home screen will look quite a bit more like an Android device. iPhone users will soon be able to pin widgets, or shortcuts to features found inside an app, to their home screens. They can now be stacked or customized based on work, activity or travel. Widgets have long been a part of Android devices, as well as on Windows phones.Beyond that, Apple s new App Library automatically organizes the apps on your home screen so you don t have to scroll through several pages, similar to Android s app drawer. Apple also unveiled a significant new feature called App Clips, which offers a small part of an app for use at the moment it s needed, such as ordering food from a restaurant or paying for parking. It s a similar concept to Google s instant app feature, which was first announced in 2016. With Google s tool, apps and games can run without being installed, allowing users to try them out first. Apple also appears to have taken some inspiration from a rival product to address a pain point for some iPhone users: videos (and FaceTime calls) taking over the entire screen when you re performing some other function. Now, users will be able to multi-task and switch to other applications while still watching a video with a feature called Picture in Picture. Samsung Galaxy phones have been able to do this for years.While tech companies are fond of touting their unique "innovations," it s also common for them to copy or borrow features from one another, whether it s Facebook cloning Snapchat features or Samsung copying Apple. Android isn t the only place where Apple appears to be taking inspiration. Its new updates to group chats, such as mentioning people directly, have been popular features on WhatsApp and workplace messaging app Slack. Apple will also allow you to pin conversations to the top of your inbox. Pinning individual messages is a widely-used function on Slack.

one of the world s most popular games, has reportedly removed police cars in its latest season as protests against police brutality have erupted across the United States. The Wall Street Journal first reported the news, and multiple users on Reddit also noticed the change. Epic Games, Fortnite s developer, didn t immediately respond to CNN Business request for comment. Police cars in earlier versions of the game were for decorative purposes and couldn t be driven by players, according to the newspaper. Epic Games regularly releases new Fortnite seasons to keep players engaged. But the rollout of the most recent season of the game, which was released last week, was briefly delayed because of the widespread protests and outrage over George Floyd s death at the hands of a police officer in Minneapolis. "Recent events are a heavy reminder of ongoing injustices in society, from the denial of basic human rights to the impact of racism both overt and subtle against people of color," Epic Games said in a blog post on June 3. "The team is eager to move Fortnite forward, but we need to balance the Season 3 launch with time for the team to focus on themselves, their families, and their communities." Floyd s death has sparked calls for Corporate America to do more in the fight for racial justice. Many companies have expressed solidarity with the Black Lives Matter movement but remained publicly silent on iFloyd s death has sparked calls for Corporate America to do more in the fight for racial justice. Many companies have expressed solidarity with the Black Lives Matter movement but remained publicly silent on its proposal to defund police departments. One notable exception is Ben & Jerry s, which used its Juneteenth message on Friday to called on Americans to "dismantle the old system and build a new one that guarantees freedom and justice for all." The company also posted a detailed breakdown on its website and social media profiles of what the movement to defund police means.

Apple may be gearing up for a big update under the hood of its computers that could result in several changes for its users. The company could announce a long-rumored switch to its own chips for its Mac computer lineup — instead of the Intel (INTC)processors they currently use — at its annual Worldwide Developer Conference that starts Monday, according to a report from Bloomberg. The ARM-based chips, which Apple (AAPL) makes in-house and already uses a version of in iPhones and iPads, could make their way into new iMacs and MacBooks by 2021. And while there s likely to be a transition period, analysts say the move could eventually result in big benefits for the company as well as its users. "I think it is likely that we will see the switch happen in stages," said Adwait Mardikar, an analyst at tech research firm Canalys. "We might see the switch to Apple chips for Apple s MacBook lineup in 2021, but I believe it will be quite a while before we see the entire Mac lineup on its own chips." Better battery and sleeker devicesWhen that does happen, the major changes Mac users are likely to see include better battery life and sleeker devices. Apple s in-house chips have a smaller architecture and are more efficient because they are designed for smartphones, according to David McQueen, research director at ABI Research. ARM is the processor design developed by UK-based chipmaker Arm Holdings, which it then licenses to various tech manufacturers for their own use. "Moving to ARM-based chips can bring efficiencies and better battery life without sacrificing performance," McQueen said. "It may also help to cut out some size issues, possibly allowing Macs to be made thinner, while also negating the need for fans," he added. McQueen says having the same chips running on iPhones, iPads and Macs would also make it easier to standardize the user experience across all three devices."It will allow all Apple devices to work more seamlessly together," he said. "It should also make it much easier for developers to create apps that are capable of running across Apple devices." There s another big potential benefit to using the same chips for iPhones and Macs, particularly with the growth of 5G networks. "Although Apple has given no indication that it is looking to do so, this switch does also open the doors for Apple to launch MacBooks with cellular connectivity capabilities," Mardikar said. How Apple will benefit For Apple, bringing processor production in-house will likely allow the company to offer better performance upgrades with each generation of devices because it will no longer be tied to Intel s upgrade cycle for new chips. "They also get to control their own product launch cadence," said Jitesh Ubrani, a research manager at IDC. "In the past, they had to really wait on Intel to launch new processors before they could refresh the Mac lineup."Switching to in-house chips could also allow Apple to better integrate its supply chain and lower manufacturing costs. But unfortunately for consumers, that s unlikely to result in cheaper computers. "I think Apple s main use for switching over would be to offer a better product, not necessarily a cheaper product," Ubrani said. "You may see better value in some cases but I don t think we ll see cheap iMacs or cheap MacBooks going forward." While Apple is likely capable of handling the chip switch and has been able to power high-performing devices such as the iPad Pro, it could potentially struggle to match the firepower of Intel chips on some of its more advanced computers, according to Mardikar. "The real challenge for Apple will be its high-end computers — the MacBook Pro, iMac Pro and Mac Pro," he said. "These run on high-performance CPUs like Intel Xeon chips, and it remains to be seen if Apple can come up with processors that can match the performance." The company will also likely have to give developers a lot of lead time to adapt to the new setup. "At the end of the day the switch is not going to be successful if it doesn t have the apps, and consumers are not going to love it if they don t have access to their favorite apps," said Ubrani. "It s not like every developer can switch over right away... My guess is they would have some sort of a bridge solution ready until everyone is ready to port over."