It was a cold winter day when I arrived at Dulles International Airport in Washington DC on 4 January 1979 to begin my first diplomatic posting in the Egyptian embassy. Three months earlier, Egypt and Israel had signed the Camp David Accords, on 17 September 1978 in DC as a prelude to starting a diplomatic process to reach a comprehensive, total and just peace among the Arab countries, the Palestinians and Israel. It was to be based on UN Security Council Resolution 242, adopted unanimously by the council on 22 November 1967.

ISIS has suffered a momentous blow with the defeat of its last physical stronghold, according to an announcement Saturday by the US-backed Syrian Democratic Forces. At the height of its power four years ago, ISIS controlled an area in Iraq and Syria that was the size of Portugal and lorded over almost 8 million people -- a population larger than that of Bulgaria. ISIS also ran a quasi-state that taxed and extorted its millions of subjects, enabling it to field a terrorist army with a large war chest. While ISIS once attracted an estimated 40,000 people around the world to join its so-called caliphate, that number has since plummeted, as it seems no one wants to join the losing team.

Egyptian Political Islamists led by the Muslim Brotherhood often argue that Germany has a leading religious political party, the German Christian Democratic Union (CDU), founded in 1945, and that Egypt could therefore follow suit and establish a similar religious party. They have been making this claim for decades in order to try to legitimise their status and present themselves as a non-violent pro-democracy movement happy to abide by Western democratic values.

When there was an outage of Facebook a few days ago, billions of people around the world came to a complete standstill. People in different parts of the planet were shocked, terrified and left in darkness, wondering about their lives without Facebook. A few days later, the same billions around the world were devastated to realise that terrorists had live-streamed a massacre they had committed at a mosque in New Zealand.

Europe and Africa are close neighbours. Both continents share the same geography, the same security context, and complementary challenges when it comes to migration. Over the last few years, the European perspective on the extent of our Southern Neighbourhood has evolved in the right direction: we are now well aware that our vicinity goes far beyond Northern Africa, encompassing instead the Sahel region and even Central Africa.

The crime in New Zealand that left 50 innocent martyrs in a house of God marks a turning point in the current of violence and terrorism that has hit the world during the past decades. The causes of this terror have certainly become more complex than its religious dimension. Regardless, in both the West and the East, some still reduce terror to its Islamic referent and assume that the solution lies in the renewal of religious thought. Certainly, the terrorist who committed this heinous crime had complicated motives mostly traceable to cultural, ethnic and political bases. Religion might be the last reason that one considers. In any case, history has taught us that economic, political, and colonial projects often masquerade as religious causes.

part from the most controversial amendments proposed to the current constitution, which some of its articles have not been implemented yet, the issue of an electoral quota has been raised in this regard. The first suggestion is to amend Article 102 to provide women with a quarter of the seats in the House of Representatives, instead of the provision in the current constitution stipulating equitable representation of women. The second suggested amendment in this regard is to amend articles 243 and 244 to stipulate appropriate representation for the following six categories: workers / farmers / youth / Christians / people with disabilities / Egyptian expats. This is instead of the stipulation in the current constitution that they should only be properly represented in the present House of Representatives. In general, many see the suggested amendment to include the seven quotas as a temptation for them to agree to the constitutional amendments, whether in parliament or during the constitutional referendum. In any case, the quota proposal raises several things:

There have been calls for the Fifth Arab-African Summit, to be held in Saudi Arabia in 2019, to intensify coordination, enhance cooperation and give new impetus to Arab-African relations. A number of factors are seen as catalysts for the success of the Arab-African Summit and the development of Arab-African cooperation, including Egypt s presidency of the African Union (AU) and its promising agenda that puts boosting Arab-African ties at the top of its priorities and Saudi Arabia s hosting of the next summit meeting.

Whoever said that if you want to destroy a society, oppress its women was a very wise person. The status of women and their participation in society are among the UN s most important criteria for ranking a country s development or underdevelopment. In the 1970s, the UN formed an Expert Group on Establishing Women s Development Institutions, of which to my surprise I was elected chair. The group was tasked with studying the status of women and their roles in peace and development.

Democracy is an invention of humanity just as the telephone is. The basic difference between the two inventions is that democracy has not developed for hundreds of years, whereas the telephone has evolved in form and function several times since its recent invention. The world today is witnessing increasing demands to develop the invention of democracy (among many other human inventions). Ancient Greece – the city of Athens specifically – owns the intellectual property rights for the invention of democracy. It was there that democracy was first exercised directly when all citizens were invited to meet in the large city plaza in order to deal with various matters and make decisions.

The Algerian Revolution, or the War of Independence in the 1950s and the early 1960s, was a great inspiration for Arab revolutionaries and nationalists, including the Egyptian generation I belong to. It was a golden era of fighting for independence, freedom and national dignity. For this, the Algerian people set an example in sacrifice rarely seen in modern Arab history.

My relationship with the 1919 Revolution is somewhat strange. The 7 March, marking its anniversary, also happens to be my birthday. On that day 28 years before my birth, Egypt s historic leader Saad Zaghloul and his comrades were sent into exile. The second time I met with the 1919 Revolution was in the office of the late Mohamed Hassanein Heikal, then chief editor of Al-Ahram. Heikal asked me to lay out a book entitled “Fifty Years Since the 1919 Revolution”.

Ahmed Zuwail, Nobel laureate for chemistry for 1999, said to me that “It is the matter of the human being and the place.” Our discussion was about the dichotomy of humans and development. Then Dr Zuwail narrated this short story: He was on a visit to Malaysia and he met Prime Minister Mahatir Mohamad. The latter explained to him his vision of human beings and the economy based upon his experience. He said, It has become impossible to redesign our country without replanning the society. It was imperative that we put a limit to social disparity and religious and ethnic differences. It was also imperative that the Malaysian ethnicities feel equality in a civilised country that works for the good of all its citizens. It was so essential that everybody is filled with the power of hope. The objective behind the decision to construct the Petronas Towers, the highest skyscraper in the world at the time, was that every Malaysian could be certain that we are dead serious in starting out. Our ultimate goal was that Malaysians don t look downwards to the conflict between ethnicities and religions, but look upwards to this towering height where hope lies. The objective wasn t that the Malaysian building reach the sky, but that Malaysians thought to arrive there.

Three weeks ago, in this column, I wrote about the significance of the venue with regard to talks between US President Donald Trump and North Korean President Kim Jong-Un in Hanoi. I also suggested that the place — Hanoi — would set the course for the negotiating process itself. The North Vietnamese capital was once a symbol of defiance against US imperialism while, for Washington, it was a symbol of communist expansion in democratic countries or in countries in the US orbit.

The March 2019 issue of Al-Malaf Al-Masry, a monthly publication issued by the Al-Ahram Centre for Political and Strategic Studies, examines the issue of housing and urban development in Egypt from legal, social and economic perspectives. Anyone living in Egypt is aware that the housing and real-estate sectors have come to dominate the economy. Moreover, many of the governments development plans hinge on the creation of new cities and urban developments such as the New Administrative Capital and the New Alamein City.

Jared Kushner, senior adviser to US President Donald Trump, has recently concluded a visit to five countries in the Arab Gulf plus Turkey to discuss and present part of his long-awaited Israel-Palestine peace process plan. While the details of the plan remain a tightly held secret, Kushner s decision to visit Oman, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Turkey might give an indication as to what s included in the so-called “deal of the century”. Considering Trump s many internal troubles, the deeply divided US political scene and the latest failed summit with North Korea, the White House is looking for a major international breakthrough. Nothing could distract attention from increasing Democratic calls to impeach Trump than an announcement that the Palestinians and the Israelis are close to achieving a deal, a feat that no previous US administration managed to achieve. However, facts on the ground indicate this is nearly mission impossible.

Over the past few years, the month of March has increasingly become the month of women, their issues, their rights, or maybe the lack of them, as well as of Egyptian Mothers Day. The month of March also marks the beginning of spring in the northern hemisphere. While spring in some countries means nicer weather, longer days, shorter nights, flowers blooming and birds singing, in others it can mean sandstorms, changeable weather and the early heat of summer.

The official discourse on human rights is still far from providing the correct answers to the questions raised internationally on the human rights file in Egypt. The campaign against the government, following the court ruling sentencing nine defendants to death over assassinating the former Attorney General, focused on accusing the Egyptian authorities of extracting confessions of committing this crime under torture. Reports from human rights organizations and foreign newspapers and some shy statements by European leaders (other than front row leaders) were speaking about unfair trials. In fact, the answers provided at the Arab-European summit in Sharm el-Sheikh or through the media outlets were out of context and did not try to counter this accusation with legal and political responses. These answers seemed to reject the value of human rights in principle, so some interpreted it as if Egypt says that our values and culture allow and justify torture and execution without fair trials, which is not true.

History will probably write 2016 in bold with a double underline, because that year occasioned two events that had major repercussions throughout the world. The first was the British decision to leave the EU initiating the process known as Brexit. The second was the election of Donald Trump as the 45th president of the United States. In the first case, there was a plebiscite giving people the choice to leave or remain in the EU and the people chose the former. In the second case, people were given the choice between a businessman who had never held public office in his life, nor was even a prominent member of the Republican Party, which chose him as its candidate, and Hillary Clinton, wife of former president Bill Clinton, former secretary of state and former senator from New York. In short, a celebrity of the US political establishment. The people chose Trump. You won t find a country more practised in the exercise of democracy than Britain or the US, or that have all the prerequisites of advanced, industrialised, educated nations that espouse open-mindedness and humanitarian values, a willingness to compromise and an aversion to polarising extremes.

Once again and in a little less than a month the US organisation Human Rights Watch (HRW) has placed itself on a collision course with the Egyptian government and judiciary over capital punishment for convicted terrorists. The US-based organisation has criticised the death sentences passed on nine members of the Muslim Brotherhood, carried out in February, as a result of their conviction for the assassination of late Egyptian attorney-general Hisham Barakat in June 2015.